Influence of gold and silver per person. Gold for Christmas - the importance of gold in world religions gold - decoration and symbol of the God of the Sun
Gold and religion have always been symbolically connected in numerous civilizations, from antiquity to the present day. From the items of religious art to religious symbolism, gold is a unique metal that occupies a central place in many religions of the world and ancient times associated with the divine sphere.
Gold in christianity
Thus, in the festive christmas, it will be appropriate to reflect on the meaning of gold in religion. In the Christian tradition, gold appears in history about Christmas in Bethlehem. According to the Bible, when Jesus was born in Bethlehem, a group of wise men (Magi) arrived from the east to worship the newborn, bringing a gift of gold, Ladan and Mirra with him. The gift of gold symbolized wealth and power, as well as, according to theologian, the kingdom of Christ on Earth.
Scene of Christmas in Bethlehem, with wrappers, brought gifts, including gold
Gold is actually often mentioned in the Bible, from the first book (Genesis) to the last (revelation). For example, in the Book of Genesis, it is said about 4 rivers arising from the Eden Garden, one of which, Fison, " blows all the land of Havila, the one where gold"(Genesis 2: 10-11). And in the book of Revelation in the description of the new Jerusalem, it is said: " City Street - Pure Gold, Like Transparent Glass"(Revelation 21:21).
Although the gold in the Bible is awarded significant value, and it is often referred to as the most valuable substance on the ground and the greatest form of wealth, it is also compared with spiritual value to illustrate that spiritual value exceeds even the essential material value of gold. For example, in Psalm 118: 127 it is said: " And I love the commandments of your more gold, and the gold is clean».
Therefore, it is not surprising that gold plays an important role in the Christian religion. In Christianity, gold was widely used to decorate churches, cathedrals and chapels, for the manufacture of crosses, trimming and altar utensils, as well as in the form of gravestone gold - for gilding statues, decoration of manuscripts and images of halois and divine light on the art objects of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Gold can also be found on the gold-plated domes of some Orthodox Christian churches in Eastern Europe.
The unique role of gold in religions
But what is such a gold, which gives him a universal attractiveness for all major world religions and for ancient religious traditions, such as the ancient Egyptian? And why is gold occupy the highest position in the metal hierarchy?
There are many reasons, and they are diverse. Thanks to its unique yellow shine, gold symbolizes the color of the Sun, and in religious art gold is associated with daylight and divine energy.
Cathedral of St. Peter, Papal Altar, Vatican, Rome
Since it is relatively rare and derupted and damage, the use of gold in religion expresses jewels and immortality, unusual for other metals. And since gold is very carpet and can take various forms and outlines, it is a natural material for works of art and decorative decorations. That is why gold is found in decorations in cult religious places, such as churches and temples, and in religious artifacts and the decoration of the scriptures.
And since religions are developing, changing and experiencing the preceding religious traditions, the special status of gold in the religious context passed throughout history from one religion to another.
Reproduction of the ark of the covenant
It was believed that the biblical ark of the covenant, which was stored once in Jerusalem, was completely covered with gold. And in Judaism, a symbolic lamp, or menorah, is also often made of gold. Some Judist scriptures also coincide with the various texts of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, so reference to the gold in Jewish scriptures to a certain extent as in the Old Testament.
Gold in Islam
The gold from ancient times was closely connected with Islamic culture, where its role was determined by the need to follow Islamic teachings. Since the uslam is prohibited in Islam, a form of money has arisen, which does not enter the usurious interest, in the form of gold dinars, as well as silver dirhams. Golden dinars first appeared in Iran in the seventh century. According to Islamic law, the dinar should be made of 22-carat gold and weigh 4.25 g. Since the dinar is made of gold, its value is determined by its weight, and he performed as a stable means of exchange, and not a paper promise, which, again, complies with the prescriptions Koran.
Ancient Golden Dinar, Islamic Money
According to Sharia, gold is also one of the six products of ribbies (along with silver, wheat, barley, salt and dates), which should be sold on the basis of their weight and measures to ensure equal conditions for both sides in the transaction. Speculation of riban goods is prohibited.
With the growth and multiplication of modern investment assets based on gold, there was a need to update the instructions regarding which transactions with gold correspond to Sharia. It was achieved in December 2016, when an accounting organization and audit for Islamic financial institutions (ACCOUNTING AND AUDITITIONS FOR ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTITIONS (AAOIFI)) published a Sharia standard for gold, where gold forms corresponding to the ball can be bargained Or used in gold-provided investment products.
Gold is also important in Islam as a piece of decor and decoration. Although Islam generally prohibits men (but not women) to wear gold, Islamic architecture sometimes generously uses gold, for example, in the decoration of mosques, as in the case of the Sheikh Zaid's mosque in Abu Dhabi.
Gold in Hinduism
Gold plays a central role in Hindu religion and culture practiced throughout India. Some of the most important Hindu deities such as Brahma, Hindu Creator, born from the cosmic golden eggs of creation, are associated with gold. Gold is also a symbol of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, prosperity and good luck.
Thus, gold in Hinduism is considered favorable than also explains why it is given to a wedding and in other particular cases, as well as for holidays, such as Dhanteras. For the same reason, gold is given in Hindu ceremonies, and believers regularly sacrifice the gold of Indian temples.
Temple of Sri Padmanabhasvami, India
In the temple of Sri Padmanabhasvami in Kerala is stored, as it is believed to be the largest golden treasure in the world. The existence of the treas was confirmed in 2011, when, on the orders of the Supreme Court of India, some underground storage facilities were opened. The treasures of the Temple of Padmanabhasvami, including gold jewelry, gold statues, a huge number of gold coins and even the Golden throne, accumulated over the millennium from the donations to the temple, including the former Indian dynasties and kings.
Some temples in India are even covered with gold, as in the case of the Golden Temple of Sri Puram in Tamilnade, covered with 1500 kg of pure gold, and the Golden Temple of Sri Harmandir Sahib in Punjab is an important place for the pilgrimage of Sikhov, whose sanctuary is covered with tinted gold.
Gold in Buddhism
Gold also plays a central role and revered in Buddhism. Golden color in Buddhism is associated with the golden rays of the sun and enlightenment.
Temple of the Golden Buddha: Wat Trimit, Bangkok
In Buddhist culture, there are many statues of Buddha Buddha from pure gold, the largest of them - the Golden Buddha in the Temple of Wat Trimit in Bangkok, Thailand, weighing 5.5 tons and a height of 2 m. In Tibetan regions, Buddhist statues are also usually covered with gold. In 2013, the former King of Thailand even donated almost 300 kg to decorate the spire of the Buddhist temple of Mahabodhi in Bodh Gaya, India. The famous Zen-Buddhist Temple of the Golden Pavilion in Kyoto, covered with clean grain gold, is also decorated with gold.
Gold Gold On Festive Season
Due to its rarity and value, gold has always been and will be an impressive gift that will appreciate and remember. Due to its close connection with Merry Christmas and Christian tradition, as well as a deep connection with all other major religions of the world, the golden gift is also endowed with the meaning that exceeds the material value of the gold itself in it. Therefore, it will be interesting to learn about the choice of gold ingots and coins, ideally suitable for a gift that the recipient will be impressed for a long time.
For customers who prefer to give gold bars denominated in Tola, gold ingot weighing 5 tool from Pamp. - Available option in the weight range from 50 g to 100 g.
Delimible gold products, also known as combi-gold or multi-gold, are ideal as gold gifts, as they consist of several detachable gold bars that can be given separately. 10 gram gold ingot Multidisc from a prestigious gold affinatorier Heraeus., Basifying in Khanau, Germany, is a replaceable packaging in the form of a disc, containing 10 separate stamped 1-gram gold bars. The design of the disc allows separate 1-gram gold bars, so this is the perfect product for those who wish to give small gold bars to several recipients.
Similar to 50 gram Golden Combibar from the famous Swiss affinatorier Valcambi. It is divided into 50 1-gram gold bars. Golden Combibar is a rectangle of 10 x 5 1-gram gold ingots size and a thickness with a credit card, placed in the wallet. 1-gram bars are combined into a larger gold ingot with a groove and can be separated and used as a gift.
On each 1-gram segment of the gold ingot, the logo also knocks out Valcambi.and its weight and sample, so after disconnecting each segment still contains a guarantee of authenticity from Valcambi..
Among the most valuable gold coins are a Canadian golden "maple leaf" (Maple Leaf) produced by the Royal Canadian Mint in Ottawa, Canada. The golden "maple leaf", produced in 4 sizes - 1 oz, 0.5 oz, 0.25 ounce and 0.1 oz, - offers attractive options for beautiful and meaningful gifts with different levels of price.
Another gift for all times in the Golden Coins category is the 1-UN CIA Austrian Golden Coin "Philharmonic" (Philharmonic), produced by a prestigious Austrian Mint, one of the oldest in Europe. This 1-uncius gold coin, which is a non-current legitimate payment facility in the Eurozone, is devoted to the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, which is famous for the whole world due to its New Year and New Year's concerts in Vienna, Austria.
In the Russian Orthodox Church there is no special canon, which regulates what kind of colors should be the dome on the temples, so in modern often the world comes from the material tools, and if there are few of them, the dome of the church can make a wooden oxine tile or from iron, painted In green or blue color.
"There is no sin," says the priest from Yekaterinburg Maxim Mamilo (church-on-blood), "God created all these materials so that the person himself solve how to use them."
However, so far, the tinsel gilding of temple domes remains the ideal of church construction, since gold in the consciousness of a person is a symbol of adity, the symbol of eternal life of God.
Custom came from Romeev
The custom of covering the domes of gold came to Russia from Byzantium, and of course, in the first Russians, Christians made a great impression of the biggest Orthodox church of Constantinople - the Cathedral of St. Sophia. For the dispensation of St. Sophia, three annual income of the empire was gone, Emperor Justinian believed that he surpassed King Solomon, erected the temple in Jerusalem, and wanted to cover gold not only the dome of Sofia, but also the walls from the dome to the foundation.
From this, he was warned by Constantinople wise men, the preinteresting, that in the "end of times they will come to the city of the poorest kings and will stop the golden Sophia to the ground," therefore it is not necessary to do this.
Attending Byzantium in the XIII century, Novgorod bishop Anthony described the insides of the cathedral with admiration. He wrote about the Golden Iconostasis, about Silver Ambon and Piping Altar, mentioned a huge golden cross with pearls and precious stones in two human growth "for the Holy Throne" and the golden lamps, "fired by" Justinian.
Gold and poverty, life and death stood nearby
After the adoption of Russia, Orthodoxy arose about the construction of Orthodox churches - neither builders nor architects, so the updated Rus was forced to invite "Romary" masters, who brought with them the tradition of gilding of domes.
None in any other Christian denomination of such a tradition was fixed. One of the first churches in Russia, who had a golden dome, became the temple of the XII century on the nerve in honor of the Intercession of the Virgin, the dome of which was melded on the orders of St. Prince Andrey Baby
Of course, behind the sacred meaning of the dome coverage with the finest layer of gilding hid and its practical meaning - the roofing iron in those days were not cleaned, and the gilded dome could have been without repairing 100 years - gold reliably closed iron from corrosion and defended the Holy Saints from the rain.
The work of the gold master was very harmful, as the dome in the middle eyelids wing with a mixture of gold and mercury, and then the metal was heated so that the mercury pairs were evaporated, and then they repeated it again - therefore the good masters did not live for a long time. It is known that with the gilding of the domes of St. Petersburg Isaacia in the XIX century, 60 golden workers died from poisoning, and the valvener of gold was spent on the dome.
Symbolism of gilding
The tradition of the gilding of the domes still amazes the minds of Europeans who consider it useless waste.
But no whate, who brought the gifts to the Divine Infant, except Smirna and Ladan presented him with gold - metal, which never changed. This metal in the soul of an Orthodox person is inextricably linked not with wealth, but with God, with eternal life, with heavenly glory. He is a sign of immortality, greatness and flaming in the souls of Russian people faith.
The priest Andrei Chizhezko indicates that the golden dome in the shape of the bulbs symbolize the burning candle and are prayer of Orthodox people to God. This architectural technique reveals the sown love of creatures to the Creator and is a victim of the Lord.
Over time, in Russian Orthodoxy, the tradition of Golling the dome of temples dedicated to Christ has developed.
If on the temple of the dome of blue with stars, then the temple is likely to be devoted to the Virgin, and the stars and the sky of the domes are reminded of the Bethlehem star, which argued the birth of the Savior.
Green and silver domes indicate that the temple is erected in honor of the Holy Trinity or some saint, and the black dome say that in front of you is the monastery structure.
However, all this is nothing more than the tradition. For example, the temple in the name of the Holy Trinity, erected at the very northern point of the planet - in Antarctica is covered with wood.
Titan nitride will not replace gold
To the coating of the gilding of the domes are resorted now. It is done with both electroplating, and with the help of a coating of domes with gravestone gold, which glued on the lacquer, in turn applied to the primer. Each of these methods has its advantages: applying gold gold allows you to make the dome perfectly round and allows it to restore it in case of damage. With the galvanic method of gilding the dome during damage, it is necessary to do again.
In the modern world, technology does not stand still, and now the "golden" domes are made by covering them with a layer of titanium nitride. He is also durable and not so roads like gold.
Titan's nitride was first used in the history of modern Russia when restoring the Moscow church of Christ the Savior.
The gilding of the domes was then recognized by the mayor Yuri Luzhkov too expensive, and he ordered to stop his choice on Titan's nitride. In the aggressive atmosphere of metropolis, the fake "gold" has flushed in three years.
However, in a modest province, titanium dome continues to be in demand. True, some clergymen believe that the brilliance of the new material is deprived of that internal dignity, which is inherent in real gold.
Golden color is used in painting as an expression of Divine Revelation. Golden radiance embodies the Eternal Divine Light.
In the illustrations of biblical plots, in the painting of the walls and domes of the Byzantine churches, the yellow-golden background embodies the horizon of eternity, eternal light, against which all depicted events acquire the importance of holiness.
Evgeny Miller
Gold, which in itself, precious material value, carries the impact of "soft hypnotism". Many gold color is perceived as star light from heaven.
In its constancy and immutability, gold, which is not oxidized in air and is not connected to anything in alloys, has become a symbol of eternity and immortality. In the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs, for example, in the tomb of Ramses III, the walls are depicted on the walls of the golden color against the dark blue night; This background symbolizes the darkness of the cosmos, and the whole picture represents the movement of the Pharaoh overgrown in the other world towards the eternal light, where he himself will be reborn in immortality. 
The winged sun itself belonged in the representations of the ancient Egyptians to the attribute of God the Mountain, born from Isis and Dead Oziris, so that every time again and again, to withstand the destructive power of the set, messedy for his killed father. Mountains (literally "height", "sky") depicted in the form of a person with a falcon head as a symbol of a winged sun. 
According to myth, Isis pushed him away from the already dead Osiris, insidiously killed by his brother. In the battle with a network of Mountains, the defeat will first tolerate, the set eats his eyes, a wonderful eye. However, in a long struggle of the mountains, the set wins the set, deprives his male dignity, returns his wonderful eye, with the help of which the pieces of the Body of Oziris scattered throughout the light and returns it to life. 
And finally, gold is the metaphor of the implementation and end time. Since Vergilia, there is a political utopia about the "golden age".
The attributes of the kings and kings were the golden crowns and balls-powers, their roundness and integrity symbolizing this time of implementation.
An even stronger than the symbolism of perfect gold color is manifested in the prediction of the Heavenly Jerusalem built from "pure gold": "... the city was clean gold ... The streets of the city are pure gold ..." (Revelation of John the Bogoslov 21, 18; 21).
Symbols of jewelry
Butterfly - ease and grace, the symbol of paradise. Another meaning is the lifespan of life, windiness, carelessness. 
ladybug - Symbol of good luck and success.
Dove - Love, meekness, tenderness.
Dolphin - Symbol of love, diligence, loyalty, sharpness of thinking. 
The Dragon - Symbol of fertility (in China), forces. It was believed that the dragon image would give a true invulnerability to a person, that is, immortality.
Hare rabbit) - symbol of longevity, sign of healing drugs. Hare helps children get the patronage of the moon, and therefore having a happy life in the future.
Snake - Symbol of wisdom, immortality, updates, temptations. Double symbol in all peoples: On the one hand, the snake is the symbol of the underworld, the kingdom of the dead, one of the accumulations of the devil, the tricky and dangerous, on the other, to the snake are revered first because of its ability to change the skin (symbol of the updating life ). In the east, the snake is a symbol of female beauty, a symbol of mysterious forces, telepathy, clairvoyance. 
Cat - revered as a sacred animal in many nations, a symbol of eternity, independence and graces, Queen of Love. It is believed that she protects against the evil eye. This symbol is worn on the shoulder.
Swallow - personifies the rapidness in achieving the goals.
Swan - symbolizes tenderness, consistency and loyalty in love. 
Horse- symbol of life, optimism, diversity of feelings and eternal movement. In the east, the horse considers a friend of man and a defender from evil spirits.
It is also considered a manifestation of spiritual principle and patronically gifted people - artists, poets, musicians. The horse helps to reach the vertices of the spirit and immortality. The horse is the speed of thoughts, the brightness of fantasy, gifts and creativity.
Frog - Symbol of patroness of domestic women's affairs and especially weaving. Returns health, it is believed that it treats heart disease. This symbol is recommended to wear on the left shoulder (above the heart).
Chafer - The symbol of the merchant. He personifies good luck and success in trading. 
Fly - symbolizes the strength of business connections.
Mouse- In the East, the symbol of wealth and its accumulation. In the West, the mouse out of the character of theft and devil over the last century turned into a symbol of one's mind, intention and resourcefulness.
Spider - Successful catcher having power. 
Panther- The embodiment of predatory femininity, flexibility, grace. Ensures greatness, this is a symbol of power, fearlessness, courage, power and nobility. Aggressive Panther is ready for protection and attack, it is believed that it helps from the evil eye. This symbol is worn on the shoulder, head to yourself. The bracelet with walking panthers is legs down to protect themselves from unforeseen circumstances.
Bee- A symbol of hard work, fertility, the ancient Slavs of the bee was a symbol of love.
rose flower - Symbol of spring, beauty, love, tenderness, rose bud - a symbol of virginity. As well as a symbol of power and pride. 
A fish - Early Christians wore fish made of metal, stone, pearl or glass on the neck, just as the native crosses are now. Symbol of silence, fertility, "maternal beginning". In ancient China, the fish was a symbol of happiness and abundance, in Japan - a symbol and embodiment of courage, strength and excerpts.
Scarab - symbol of revival, fertility, strength and courage (in ancient Egypt). Scarabs from a blue stone as a symbol of masculinity decorated the rings of ancient Egyptian warriors.
Dog - Symbol of courage, courage, selflessness and justice. The dog has always been a faithful friend, assistant and defender of man. And besides, dogs have super-sensitive perception. 
Owl- A symbol of wisdom, intuition and clairvoyance.
Scorpio - Symbol of wisdom, nobility. In the Middle Ages, as mascot and amulet were often used, Paracels advised to wear it with patients suffering from sexual diseases.
Elephant- symbol of power and power, happiness and wealth. Elimination of memory, wisdom, longevity, loyalty, compassion. Jewelers with antiquity use elephant images in their decorations. These products carry the strongest and positive energy for humans. Such decorations will suit people seeking stability, confidence and resilience in life. 
Flower - beauty symbol, symbol of birth.
A white walker flower is a symbol of purity, virginity.
Vasilka flower - confidence symbol.
The flower of the carnation is a symbol of love, engagement and marriage.
Flower clover (triligent) - character of the Trinity. Clover with four leaves brings good luck in all matters.
Lily Sisha flower - a symbol of tenderness, purity.
Lily flower - the symbol of the Good News. In contrast, rose means a male beginning. 
Lotus flower - symbol of life and happiness, in China - a symbol of purity.
Poppy flower - symbolizes memories, silence, sleep. In Ukraine - a symbol of fertility, health, beauty.
Forget-me-not flower - symbolizes memory, loyalty.
Orchid flower - femininity.
Peony flower - love, wealth, good luck.
... in this article about gold, its properties are revealed about the same way as humanity learned over time.
Gold - Decoration and Sun Symbol
First native gold,
most likely, found in water
People first met gold in his native form. Very rarely found, yellow, brilliant and not fading "stone", without shocking, not splitting, but only a changing form, initially acquired a huge symbolic, almost divine value in primitive society.
Thanks to the bright yellow shine in the sun - gold becomes Symbol of the Divine-Sun. The property of gold does not doubt with time (not oxidized) made it symbol of eternal life.
Gold - Metal Tsar, Symbol of Wealth and Power
As the gold accumulation and the appearance of social bundles in the tribes, its owners, one way or another became the leaders - gold becomes symbol of power. And the symbols of power must be set off, and in the best of the best! - There was a need to process gold. This is the people here and learned its properties like a piece and plasticity. Gold becomes material for the manufacture of ceremonial decorations.
At the same time, gold begin to use in the trade exchange - gold appears at gold and very high variation. As the change in the exchange value of gold, the number of people thirsting to get it grew.
It is probably gold that brought humanity from the stone century to the bronze. Just as the attempts of alchemists create a philosopher's stone in the Middle Ages, modern chemicals and the chemical industry originated, so in prehistoric times from attempts to extract gold from stone the first copper was added. Gradually, people learned how to produce a whole group of low-melting metals. In everyday life of mankind, metals appeared and gold was assigned to them, like a noble metal!
With the advent of statehood and the growth of the exchange value of gold, his divine symbolism goes into the background - gold becomes a symbol power, power and wealth.
There were centuries, some ancient states were created in their place. To facilitate the exchange of gold began to use in the form of an identical weight and shaped pieces of metal pieces - these were the first gold coins. In relation to the coins began to relate the value of everything that was proposed for sharing - money and gold appeared the main measure of their value.
People learned how to make various gold alloys. There was a problem for fakes. Remember the task supplied by Archhimeda King Gieron about the content of gold in the crown. As a result of solving this task, the law of Archimedes was opened. Gold still remains a stimulator of progress!
But this stimulation does not always lead to a straight road. In the era of the late Antiquity, Alexandrian followers of the metaphysical philosophical school, seriously puzzled by the question: "If each substance and its properties are determined by the combination in a certain proportion of its first elements - fire, earth, water, air and ether (or quintessence, according to Ptolemy), then possible One substance can be turned into another by changing the content in it of the first elements. " They not only created a new philosophical course - "hermeticism" (on behalf of one of the founders - Hermes of Trissegist) tried to realize it in practice.
The primary task that has been supported by the power of the property, of course, was, of course, the transformation of the ignorable metals in gold. Ironically, Alexandria, it was in this era who was famous for its wealth and gold reserves! After the destroyer of the Romans, the parts of the stock of the Alexandria library developed a legend that the task of turning the base metals into gold was solved, but the decision itself is lost. The only thing that was reliably preserved from this era is the designation of gold introduced by Alexandrians: ☉ - the sign of the sun, and that they considered the fundamental essence of gold, and they attributed to him the interpenetrating relationship with the fiery signs of the zodiac first - and then the signs of Aries and Sagittarius . It is worth noting that in those days most seleteists considered mercury The most suitable metal for obtaining gold
And the legend about the possibility of transforming the base metals to gold was so survivor that Arabs won Egypt, revived the search for such a transformation and created an alchemy, enriching the knowledge with new methods of cleaning metals and liquids, as well as creating new legends and myths (philosophical stone). But the record holders on the hoax of alchemy were Europeans, to whom she came from Arabs as a result of crusades, however, the results in the sense of obtaining practical knowledge they received significantly more (for example, "royal vodka" - a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids in which Even gold dissolves) precisely from European alchemy, modern chemistry originated. Despite the delusions, the main merit of alchemists is that they discovered many properties of gold as a chemical element.
Symbolic perception of gold people also changed from the era to the epoch. With the advent of monotheistic religions, the spiritual symbolism of gold begins to revive. Christian gold symbolizes divine Light, Sun and Christ (Volacts), soul nobility, purity of spirit and faith.
Gold in the modern world
The current perception of the properties of gold as a precious metal, a chemical element and a reserve payment agent began to develop at the end of the nineteenth - early twentieth century.
Opening by our compatriot D.I. Mendelian Periodic Law of Chemical Elements Low Gold from the Tron of King Metals - now it began to occupy in the periodic table 79 place between platinum and mercury.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the governments of economically developed states learned to maintain the stable appeal of "paper money" (banknotes: banknotes, credit and treasury tickets, etc.) - gold ceased to use for mass production of monetary signs. All mined gold was divided into two streams - reserve accumulations of state funds (gold was then used for international settlements) and for the needs of industry, mainly jewelry. Such a state of affairs has been preserved to this day, only with the difference that now the Golden Stream for the needs of the industry repeatedly exceeds the stream for backup savings. Gold, still remaining the main metal used for the manufacture of jewelry, has been widely used in electronics.
In 1947, the dream of the alchemists of all time and peoples came true - it was obtained artificial gold from mercuryBy irradiation with slow neutrons in a nuclear reactor. But alas, dreams are divided into reality - clean such gold from related radioactive contaminants, many times more expensive than getting gold in natural fields!
No wonder they say: "New is very well forgotten old!". Recently, another characteristic of a person associated with the date of birth has entered the fashion - his zodiac sign. It would seem just a game ... But even personnel agencies began to use this characteristic for pre-selection of candidates. The fact is that 60-70% of people born in the northern hemisphere, to a large extent correspond to the temperament indicators of their sign.
The jewelry industry now provides a large selection of gold jewelry, both in terms of price and the aesthetic qualities. Selecting a gift for a loved one, or choosing a decoration for yourself, many unwittingly think about the compatibility of the decoration and the sign of the zodiac of his future owner. So, I can calm down, adherents of Christianity - gold suits them all, regardless of the sign of the zodiac.
Especially for those who were born under the aquatic signs of the zodiac (Scorpio, Virgin, Fish) and really believes in their fate, it is worth saying that gold is better supplemented (if gold is not the highest sample, then you can not worry, - jewelers about it already took care). In general, in such cases you need to follow the postulates of your own inner faith - if a person believes that the Golden Ring helps him, it means that it is!
But back to the golden symbolism:
- What do you think, what kind of gold decorations are most common in the world?
- Right! Wedding rings.
Tradition to give each other rings at the conclusion of marriage like symbols of loyalty, cleanliness of feelings And the eternity of love is now common worldwide.
Another example of modern associative symbolism associated with gold is the gilding of temples and works of art. - "Life is short, and art eternal". The radiance of gilding the bells in the rays of the rising sun, visible for kilometers, involuntarily reminds divine Light.
It is now difficult to find a person who would not be free or involuntary owner of gold. Even if you do not carry gold jewelry, the piece of gold you have a sure of you ... in your mobile phone!
Word "Gold" - values, history of origin
The word "gold" can denote not only the precious metal, but also symbols and properties associated with it.
For example, to emphasize the value of the employee say "not an employee, but gold!", Or, emphasizing the exclusive luck: "The mother-in-law is just gold!". In literature and poetry, quite often, allegorically use the visual perception of precious metal: "Gold fields, turquoise meadows."
But a much larger amount of semantic shades began to have a derivative from the word "gold" adjective "Golden". Based on the words "Golden" and "Gold", a great set of winged phrases and sayings were created: golden hands, golden words, a golden wedding, golden autumn - not to list everything, therefore it is worth limited to one: "Word -, silence - gold".
The historical roots of the word "gold" leave a much deeper time of appearance of writing. And now it is impossible to definitely definitely establish the origins of the word.
The methods of etymological reconstruction lead to two PraIndo-European roots in consonant with Praslavyansky "Gold", the first of them means "yellow", the second "shining", "sunny" (Indo-Europeans - our ethnic rates). The official etymology is inclined to the fact that in the XI - XII as a result of the phonetic transformation of Praslavyansky "Glaso" (gold) in East Slavic languages, the word "gold" appeared (full-disagreement), and in South and West Slavic languages \u200b\u200b- "Zlato" (Income) . Personally, I believe that in our particular case, the general Slavonic word was "Zlatto". The fact is that even in Russian "Zlato" and "Gold" was in an equivalent go to the beginning of the XIX century. Remember, Pushkin in the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila": "... a gold chain ... ... there the king kingching over the kilt ..." and at the same time a fairy tale "Golden Cockerel" ... precisely thanks to a variety of semantic meanings And the frequency of using the adjective "gold" in the go was only consonant - "Gold". Despite the fact that the story of the word "gold" keeps in itself a lot of moments capable of generating turbulent discussions, its most important outcome: " The word gold is the original Russian!”
Work on the article "Gold - symbol, metal, element. Word" Gold "- values, history." still continues.
Sergey OV. (Seosnews9)
Gold properties as metal and chemical element.
Gold AU (from Latin Aurum) - heavy metal yellow, soft, macked and plastic.
Under normal conditions, the density of gold is 19320 kg / m 3;
- specific heat capacity 132.3 J / (kg · k);
- specific thermal conductivity 311.48 W / (M · K);
- Specific electrical resistance 2.25 · 10 -8 Ohm · m;
- Linear coefficient of temperature expansion 14.2 · 10 -6 to -1.
Melting point of gold 1064.43 ° C, specific melting heat ≈ 67 kJ / kg.
Gold boiling point 2856 ° C, specific heat evaporation ~ 1800 kJ / kg.
As a chemical element of gold in most stable compounds, the degree of oxidation is +3, less often +2, there are compounds with oxidation degrees +5 (fluorides), +2 (complex salts) and even -1 (aurides). It is important to know that some gold compounds are toxic, and they have a cumulative effect (accumulated in the body).
The metal crystal lattice of gold, as a simple substance, is a granetable cubic structure of tightly packaged areas with a coordination number 12, a \u003d. 4.704 Å. Atomic radius of gold 1.44 Å, ion radius AU + ~ 1.37 Å; Au 3+ ~ 0.82 Å
Only one gold isotope is stable in our universe. 197 AU., number of protons P - 79, neutrons n - 118, spin kernel 3/2 and the parity of the core +, the configuration of the external electron shell 5D 10 6s 1.
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* Aristotle called the fifth element "Ether", while this he believed that only the shine, planets, comets and other objects of the permanent world consist of the ether. In the later Hellenistic philosophy "Fifth Element" - inaccessible to perception Substance, permeating the whole world, so Ptolemy denotes it as "quintessence".
** Hermetics - the philosophical flow in the late-Hellenistic period, based on works, possibly a mythical personality, Hermes of the Trismegist, in these works, in particular, the possibility of converting one substance in another postulate.
Gold is a noble metal, symbolizing the highest level of power and wealth.
Ancient times was used as a universal cash equivalent. In Esoteric, the sign of the highest steps of wisdom and knowledge. The symbol of the sun is associated with sunlight of energy, fire. In medieval iconography, an allegory of heavenly light was performed. The goldshold art of the Inca was entirely subordinate to the sun. Personally, as a rule, the male deity. According to the representation of the ancient Egyptians, gold is evidence of the presence of the Divine start in the creature world. Gold, according to Chinese Taois, is the Quintessence of Heaven. In Christianity, a symbol of love and loyalty. Celebrates who came for the Bethlehem star to present the baby to Jesus incense, Smyrna and Gold.
Obtaining gold is the purpose of alchemical transmutation. It was an allegorical sign of the enlightened soul, expressed the ability of the last to radiance by divine light. Alchemical transmutation passes to gold through the stages of black - sin and repentance, white - forgiveness and innocence and red - cleansing and passion. With gold, the motive of treasure gains, understood in the sense of spiritual enrichment. It expresses the principle of sacrality, as such, so gold is the royal metal. On the Indian tradition, gold is interpreted as a materialized light. Linguistically argued the relationship of concepts gold and light specialist in the field of symbolism R. Genon. Gold is also a heart symbol. If the heart is the main body in human nature, then gold is the heart of the Earth. The mythology of gold hidden in the cave and the guarded dragon became the wisdom allegory. The golden sword was in ancient mythology a symbol of courage and valor. The image of a golden rune, who was acquired by Jason on the tree of life, is interpreted as a sign of immortality. The dream of making gold on alchemical treatises is connected with the dream of immortality.
The ancient English belief about Radugug says that, having reached where she rests on the ground, you will find a buried bag with gold. Everywhere the bride and groom entering into marriage exchange gold rings, which brings the element of solar sacralization to the sacrament. On the other hand, in Russia to this day, an archaic ban is preserved to give birth and operate, having gold jewelry with him.
Negative tint in the interpretation of gold binds it with idolatry and cruel. It is not by chance that the golden calorie is an ambivalent symbol of both paganism and korestoloby. Gold is also a sign of vanity, because in the Orthodox tradition, wearing the lacemen of golden crosses are condemned.