A nutritious, balanced diet is a prerequisite for the normal development of all organs and systems of the baby. It is important that children receive a certain amount of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates), minerals and vitamins daily. Thanks to this, they will grow up healthy, cheerful and smart. How to properly organize feeding of children under one year old? Let's look into this issue that interests all conscious parents.

Types of nutrition for children under one year old

There are three types of feeding of children under one year: natural, artificial and mixed. Each of them has its own diet. Let's consider the features of different types of menus for newborns. General diagrams are given for healthy infants. In case of violations of food consumption norms, the doctor determines.

Natural feeding

A breastfed baby from 0 to 6 months receives only breast milk. According to WHO recommendations, after this age, solid foods (complementary foods) are gradually introduced into his diet. The share of breast milk in the daily volume of food decreases, but remains high. Famous children's doctor E.O. Komarovsky insists that introducing complementary foods at an earlier period is inappropriate.

With natural feeding, most experts recommend feeding the baby freely, that is, at his request. This approach allows you to maintain lactation at the required level. After 2-3 months, even in the case of free feeding, a flexible feeding schedule for the newborn is established: meals occur at intervals of 2-2.5 hours.

Artificial feeding

When bottle-fed, the child receives an adapted milk formula. Breast milk may be present in his menu, but in small quantities - up to 20% of the total food.

Artificial feeding requires adherence to a clear feeding schedule with certain intervals between meals. E.O. Komarovsky reminds that they must be aged, since the mixture is digested more slowly than mother’s milk.

Mixed feeding

The need for mixed feeding arises when the mother produces breast milk, but it is not enough for the baby. The deficiency is compensated with the help of artificial mixtures.

The share of mother's milk during mixed feeding is more than 20% of the daily diet. The feeding regimen for this type of nutrition depends on the level of lactation in the mother. If the basis of the diet is breast milk, then the schedule approaches free. If the mixture predominates, feeding occurs by the hour.

How to calculate the amount of food needed?

First 7-10 days

Calculation of the daily volume of formula or breast milk for children in the first 7-10 days of life is carried out in one of two ways:

1. Zaitseva's formula. It is necessary to multiply the child’s body weight at birth by the number of days of his life and find 2% of this number. The result will be the required amount of food per day.
2. Finkelstein formula. To determine the daily amount of milk or formula for a child weighing less than 3.2 kg, you should multiply his age in days by 70. If the baby weighs less than 3.2 kg, you need to find the product of the number of his days of life and 80.

Regardless of the formula used, the resulting daily volume must be divided by the number of feedings. This way you can find out the amount of milk or formula sufficient for one meal.

Over 7-10 days

To calculate the volume of nutrition for a newborn older than 7-10 days to 12 months, the Geibener and Cherny method or volumetric method is used. Geibener and Cherny's method allows you to find the required total amount of liquid per day, including formula, milk, water, juice, tea, and so on. This takes into account the child’s weight and age. The main recommendations are presented in the table.

For example, a baby at 3 months weighs 5.2 kg. He needs 5200÷6=867 ml of milk or formula per day. This indicator should be divided by the number of meals. The total volume of liquid should not exceed 1 liter in 24 hours.

In modern conditions, the Geibener and Cherny technique is rarely used, since it is not designed for children with increased body weight, of whom more and more people are being born recently. The volumetric method is considered more rational.

Food consumption standards, depending on the child’s age, are shown in the table.

Introduction of complementary foods

There are special WHO instructions that contain information on the sequence of introducing solid foods into the diet of children in the first year of life. Recommendations broken down by month are presented below.

Porridge must be boiled in water. Starting from 6 months, vegetable oil should be added to purees and porridge. For the first time, it is recommended to limit yourself to 1 drop, gradually increasing the volume to 1 teaspoon. Butter is introduced into the diet at 7 months. The initial dose is 1 g, the average is 10 g. It is advisable to add it to ready-made porridges.

The given complementary feeding scheme is relevant for breastfed children. If a child receives formula, solid foods can be introduced from 5 months, as his body needs vitamins and minerals for normal development. The same table is used, but all rows are shifted by month.

Detailed information on how to feed your baby “adult” foods can be found in the table. All recommendations are general in nature. Before introducing complementary foods, you should consult your pediatrician.

Product	Term	Quantity	Dishes for starting complementary feeding
Vegetables	With normal or overweight from 6 (sometimes from 5-5.5) months.		Puree from 1 white or green vegetable.
Porridge	With normal or overweight body weight from 6-7 months. If the weight is insufficient, then they are introduced at 4-5 months.	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum – 100-200 g.	Gluten-free cereals cooked in water - buckwheat, rice, corn, oatmeal. After introducing each porridge separately, you can cook cereal mixes.
Vegetable oil	6 months	Initial – 3-5 drops. Maximum – 1 teaspoon.	Sunflower, corn, olive oils. They should be added to pureed vegetables or meat.
Butter	7	Initial – 1/3 teaspoon. Maximum – 10-20 g.	High-quality butter without vegetable components should be added to vegetable purees and porridges.
Fruits	8	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum – 100-200 g.	Monopure of soft fruits. Gradually you can make multi-component dishes.
Meat	8	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum – 50-100 g.	Puree from one component - rabbit, turkey, veal, beef.
Yolk	8	Initial - 1/4 teaspoon. Maximum – ½ yolk of a chicken egg.	You need to boil the egg and add the chopped yolk to the puree or porridge.
Dairy products*	9	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum – 150-200 g.	Children's yogurt, kefir or biolact. After 10 months, you can introduce foods with fillers (we recommend reading:).
Cottage cheese*	9	Initial - ½ teaspoon. Maximum – 50 g.	Children's cottage cheese in its purest form. From 10 months it should be supplemented with fruit puree.
Children's cookies	9-10	Initial – 1/3 cookies. Maximum – 5 pieces.
Fish	The average period of introduction is 10 months (we recommend reading:). If the child has a tendency to allergies - 1 year.	Initial - ½ teaspoon. The maximum is 60 g. It is worth feeding your baby fish 1-2 times a week.	Low-fat fish varieties - river perch, hake, cod. It should be boiled or steamed and then pureed.
Juices	10-12	Initial – 2-3 drops. Maximum – 100 ml.	Clarified juices from green and white fruits.

*Note that the approach of Dr. E.O. Komarovsky regarding complementary feeding differs from WHO recommendations. He suggests starting your acquaintance with adult food with the help of sour milk - kefir and cottage cheese.

The new product should be given to the baby in the first half of the day. It is recommended to increase the amount very slowly, gradually bringing it up to the age norm and monitoring the reaction of the child’s body. A child should be introduced to one new dish per week. If an allergy or malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract occurs, the product should be removed from the menu.

Nutrition after a year

The baby's menu after 12 months includes all the main food groups. He no longer needs breast milk as food, so many mothers decide to stop lactation. However, it contains substances that are valuable for the baby, and there are still reasons to continue breastfeeding.

Lactation can be maintained even if the mother goes to work. The frequency of breastfeeding will decrease, but the baby will receive valuable elements. If there is a need to stop lactation, doctors advise not to do this during the child’s illness, when his body is weakened, as well as in the summer, since at this time there is a high probability of contracting an intestinal infection.

The diet of a baby at 1 year old does not differ from his menu at 11 months, but the portions are slightly larger (we recommend reading:). For breakfast and afternoon snacks, he should be fed porridge or pureed vegetables. Dinner and lunch should be filling. For dessert you can offer marmalade, marshmallows, marshmallows, and as a drink - water, tea, jelly, compote or fruit juice.

Artificial breastfeeding is preferable, but not all women have the opportunity to breastfeed. In such situations, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician in order to choose the most suitable milk formula for the baby, corresponding to his age and health status.

Advantages and disadvantages of artificial nutrition

Many babies are bottle-fed from the first days of life, and their number increases every year. The increase in the percentage of “artificial children” is directly related to the deterioration of the environment, poor nutrition of the adult population, which affects the health status, as well as the inability of mothers to be constantly close to their children. There is, perhaps, only one advantage in feeding a newborn baby with milk formulas - such a baby will not have to be transferred from breastfeeding to artificial feeding and his body will not need to adapt to a new nutritional composition. If a mother has a choice between artificial and natural feeding, before she starts feeding her baby with formula, she needs to become familiar with their positive and negative sides:

pros

• The ability to leave a child with relatives or a nanny due to work;
• In this case, it is enough to simply replace the milk formula with a more suitable one, rather than looking for the cause in your own diet;
• The ability to see the amount of formula your baby drinks from a bottle. A breastfeeding woman can find out about the missing amount of milk only if the baby is underweight;
• The frequency of feedings is less frequent than with natural feeding. The fact is that breast milk is digested by the baby’s body much faster than formula milk.

Minuses

• The absence of special enzymes in the formula that are found only in breast milk. In children who are bottle-fed, allergic reactions and colds are much more common than in infants;
• Frequent regurgitation and... When eating through a bottle, the baby swallows excess air, which causes bloating and discomfort;
• Disinfection of bottles and preparation of formula. It is customary for bottle-fed children to be fed according to a certain regimen, but each baby has an individual need for the quantity and frequency of meals, and this depends on many factors. A suddenly hungry baby can be fed much faster;
• Selection of mixture. It takes time to choose the right formula, and if it is not suitable, the child suffers;
• Financial expenses. Good quality formula is not cheap, and as the child gets older, more and more of it is needed.

Formula feeding table by month

The table data is approximate. A pediatrician who monitors your child’s weight gain will help you determine your baby’s individual daily need for formula milk.

Start of complementary feeding

The first feeding of a bottle-fed baby can be done when he reaches 3 months. The best product to start complementary feeding is apple juice. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, diluting it halfway with boiled water. If the baby feels normal, you can try other natural juices as complementary foods, but not from exotic fruits.

With normal digestibility of natural juices, fruit and vegetable purees can be introduced into complementary foods at 4-5 months. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, gradually increasing the amount.

3-4 weeks after the baby is introduced to purees, porridge (corn, buckwheat and rice) can be introduced into the diet. If you are not allergic to lactose, you can cook them with milk. After 6-7 months, the baby’s digestive system becomes strong enough, so oatmeal, semolina, wheat and barley can also be used to prepare porridge.

After 8 months, you can gradually introduce boiled meat into your baby’s complementary foods, first chicken and turkey, then beef.

After 9 months, the child’s menu can be diversified with boiled fish.

Complementary feeding scheme

Video: Doctor Komarovsky about artificial feeding

Menstruation during artificial feeding

Postpartum uterine discharge is natural for every woman who has given birth, and it lasts about 6 weeks. In women whose children are bottle-fed from the first days of life, periods may begin in the third month of the child’s life, but they will not become regular immediately. If after 5 months after giving birth your menstrual cycle has not started, or your periods are too heavy, seek immediate medical attention.

Artificial feeding of newborns is recommended if a woman does not have breast milk or is unable to carry out natural feeding. How to organize it correctly to minimize risks for the baby’s body? What to feed and in what quantity? How to establish psychological contact with a baby? The answers are in the recommendations of pediatricians and lactation consultants.

In modern society, the question of what to feed a child is resolved by a clear choice in favor of breastfeeding. Natural feeding up to two years is recommended by the World Health Organization as the only type of food that one hundred percent meets the needs of the child’s body.

Numerous studies have confirmed that only breast milk does not burden the digestive system and does not cause disruptions in its functioning. Its composition is ideally balanced for a particular child with his individual characteristics. It satisfies not only the need for nutrients, but additionally supplies the body with immune factors, hormones, enzymes, which cannot be obtained artificially and “imprisoned” in the most perfect mixture.

And finally, breast milk and the process of sucking it become both a way of nutrition for the baby and a way to get rid of fear and pain, an opportunity for the closest and necessary contact with his mother.

But situations arise when breastfeeding fails. This is facilitated by objective and subjective reasons.

Why is there no milk

The complete absence of breast milk, in which artificial feeding is necessarily introduced, is called agalactia. Contrary to the popular belief that many women are susceptible to agalactia, breastfeeding consultants say this is not so. Experts from the international organization La Leche League state that true agalactia is observed in no more than 1-2% of young mothers. It is caused by serious hormonal imbalances in a woman’s body.

In other cases, the reason for the impossibility of organizing breastfeeding lies in something completely different.

• Separation of mother and child. The lack of free access of the baby to the breast after birth excludes the correct formation of lactation. If a woman has not pumped her breasts, it becomes impossible for milk to come in naturally and in sufficient volume.
• Medical recommendations. In some cases, mothers are prohibited from breastfeeding. Often such recommendations are given to women with metabolic disorders, heart disease, liver disease, and other pathologies of internal organs. According to WHO, these conditions are not absolute contraindications to breastfeeding. There are only two real reasons why a woman cannot breastfeed naturally: HIV infection and an open form of tuberculosis, in which the health of the mother poses a danger to the health of the baby. In other cases, when a woman is sick or taking medications, she can arrange for breastfeeding after recovery.
• Mom's reluctance. It may be associated with personal negative experience, “good” advice from older relatives. The decision is often made under the influence of the media, which promote formula as a more convenient alternative to breastfeeding.

Women who do not want to breastfeed should take into account that no artificial formula will create as strong a foundation for good health and full development of the child as breast milk. In addition, natural feeding is much simpler from a practical point of view and much cheaper than feeding with high-quality formulas.

Blend selection

If all the pros and cons are weighed and artificial feeding of the child is inevitable, it is necessary to organize it according to the rules. There are three of them:

• mixture selection;
• determination of feeding regimen and volume;
• organization of feedings.

The main criterion for choosing a product for feeding should be the recommendations of the pediatrician. There are mixtures that are suitable for healthy babies and children with disorders of the digestive system, allergic diathesis, and premature babies.

Adapted mixtures

Produced from cow's milk, in which the protein content, which is excessive for a child's body, is reduced by introducing a whey component. For babies in the first days of life, mixtures of the primary or initial formula are intended. They are designated by the number 1 in the name, for example, “Nutrilon 1” or “Baby 1”.

They contain important components: amino acids, taurine, polyunsaturated acids. Manufacturers enrich them with a large “set” of vitamins and microelements, as well as carbohydrates in the form of easily digestible sugar: lactose or sucrose.

When the baby is six months old, his diet should include an adapted formula labeled “2” or with a “subsequent formula.” The amount of protein in it is higher than in the primary one, and there are more carbohydrates to meet the energy needs of the growing baby.

Manufacturers also offer universal adapted formulas for children from zero to twelve months. Their “average” composition is dominated by casein or whey proteins.

Adapted fermented milk mixtures

They are distinguished from adapted milk formulas by the quality of their protein. It is subjected to bacterial fermentation. Fermented milk mixture is closer to breast milk than milk formula, since the protein is in a curdled state.

Thanks to this processing, it puts less strain on the baby’s immature stomach and is absorbed more quickly in the intestines. The curdled component helps the formation of proper intestinal microflora, as it is saturated with fermented lactic bacteria.

Pediatricians recommend the introduction of adapted fermented milk mixtures to babies with manifestations of dysbacteriosis, stool disorders, and allergic diathesis. They can be used as a constant nutrition for weakened, premature babies. And for periodic use in order to prevent dysbacteriosis in children receiving an adapted milk formula.

Unadapted milk formulas

To prepare these mixtures, fresh and powdered animal milk is used. The amount of protein in its composition is many times higher than in breast milk. It is represented by casein, which is foreign to the child’s body, which the baby’s digestive system cannot digest due to the lack of appropriate enzymes. As a result, dangerous situations arise: from persistent dysbiosis with constant digestive disorders to insufficient weight gain in infants and developmental delays.

Pediatricians do not recommend using unadapted milk formulas in the diet of a child in his first year of life. They do not meet the needs of the child’s body and pose a threat to his health. It is unacceptable to use dry or fresh cow's or goat's milk for preparing mixtures and porridges.

When choosing a formula for your baby, consider the following nuances.

• A quality product cannot be cheap. Adapted milk and fermented milk mixtures are the result of serious scientific research. Their components are expensive, so the finished product is expensive. Unfortunately, this often makes them inaccessible to families with low and medium incomes. But you absolutely cannot save on buying the mixture. This eliminates the possibility of your baby's healthy growth and development.
• A reputable manufacturer values ​​its reputation. When choosing a mixture, pay attention to well-known brands. In this case, the risk of buying a low-quality product is lower.
• The universal mixture is less easily absorbed. A “starter” formula adapted to his needs is more preferable for a child in the first months of life.
• The mixture is not durable. Make sure the product has a sufficient shelf life. An open jar can be stored in a dry and dark place for no more than three weeks. You cannot put a dry product in the refrigerator, as it will become damp.

The principle “the more expensive the better” when it comes to choosing formula for artificial feeding works to the fullest. The most expensive samples contain not only the “standard set” of components, but also additional ingredients, for example, linoleic acid for the development of the baby’s brain or carnitine, which promotes the absorption of fats.

Artificial feeding technique

The question of how to feed a newborn with formula is determined by reviews and recommendations from pediatricians. It is not advisable to resort to free feeding techniques, following the example of breastfeeding “on demand”.

The compositions of the products vary radically. And if breast milk does not put a strain on the digestive system even with frequent consumption, the formula is not as “light”. After eating, the baby's body needs time to digest the food.

Mode

Stick to a scheduled feeding schedule for bottle-fed babies.

• From birth. Every 3 hours during the day with a six-hour break at night. The number of feedings per day will reach seven.
• From three months. Every 3.5 hours during the day with a six-hour break at night. Thus, six feedings will be required during the day.
• From six months. Modern pediatrics does not recommend shifting the timing of the introduction of complementary foods in artificial babies. Just like with infants, you should begin introducing your baby to his first foods at the age of six months. Gradually, one feeding will be replaced by porridge or vegetable puree. And the number of feedings per day will be five every four hours with an eight-hour break for sleep.

Preparing the mixture

The mixture must be prepared for use in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Dry foods require boiling or adding warm water and stirring until dissolved. There are also ready-to-use liquid mixtures available, which just need to be heated in a water bath.

Rules for artificial feeding for babies in the first year of life.

• The product temperature should be 37-38 ° WITH. If the mixture was previously boiled, it must be cooled to a suitable temperature. You should prepare food for your baby in advance so that you can feed him on time.
• Food should be poured into sterilized containers. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the bottle can cause disruption of the child’s gastrointestinal tract.
• The hole in the nipple should not be large. The mixture should not flow freely from it, but should be released in drops. It is ideal to use a pacifier with a hole adapted to the baby's age. These can be purchased at pharmacies.
• When feeding, place the bottle at an angle. This will eliminate the possibility of the baby swallowing air, which leads to regurgitation and vomiting.
• The mixture can be stored for 2 hours at room temperature and 24 hours in the refrigerator. Artificial nutrition does not contain components that suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora, which breast milk is rich in. Therefore, its storage period is limited.

If there is food left in the bottle, it cannot be used for the next feeding. You should wash the bottle and sterilize it and the nipple.

Contact with mom

It seems that artificial babies need maternal care much less than infants. Indeed, any family member can feed them, and when the baby is unwell, a pacifier will provide him with comfort.

Psychologists warn that this approach is dangerous. A bottle with a nipple can replace the mother's breast, but not the mother herself. Otherwise, when the child grows up, he will not reach out to you for support and help, but will begin to look for consolation “on the side.” The close psychological connection that mother and baby experience when they are regularly latched to the breast is also possible when paired with a bottle-fed baby.

“Ensure close skin-to-skin contact,” advises lactation consultant Maria Gudanova. - The baby should feel your warmth and hear sounds familiar to him from the period of intrauterine development. Carry him in your arms more often, sleep together, hold the baby naked to your chest, take a bath together.”

A good solution would be baby massage, which the mother can master herself. The child should not be left alone when he is awake. This is a time for your close communication and walks. This approach will help the baby understand that his joys, feelings of security, safety, and warmth are connected with his mother.

“The pacifier should not be perceived by the child as an independent object,” continues AKEV expert Maria Gudanova. “She should be associated only with her mother.” Therefore, adhere to the following rules when feeding and organizing your baby’s routine.

• Only mother feeds. Do not delegate feeding to other relatives. The more people take part in this, the lower the baby’s level of trust in you.
• Mom offers a pacifier. Don't leave your baby alone with a pacifier. He should suck only in your arms, with his face turned towards you.
• The baby falls asleep in his arms. After feeding, offer your baby a pacifier and wait until he falls asleep. Remove the pacifier from his mouth and place him in his crib.

Even if there is no milk in your breast, your baby can nurse from it. Experts from an international breastfeeding organization suggest combining artificial feeding of newborns with the SNS system. It is a soft bottle designed to be filled with a mixture. A tube is attached to the bottle, the tip of which is attached to the mother's nipple.

The process of formula feeding is completely close to natural feeding. The baby is in her arms, in close contact with her mother, sucking on her breast, while simultaneously receiving formula. Using the SNS system provides another great opportunity - the chance to establish adequate breastfeeding.

When breast stimulation occurs within a few months after childbirth, the process of relactation, that is, restoration of lactation, starts. It will allow you to switch your baby to mixed feeding. And then completely or largely replace the artificial formula with your breast milk, which is invaluable for the baby’s health.

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Mother's milk is the most valuable product for newly born babies. But situations arise when, for medical reasons, a woman cannot breastfeed, or she has no milk at all. Then artificial feeding of newborns is used, which is slightly different from breastfeeding.

Nutritional Features

The forced measure of transferring a child to artificial feeding is carried out strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician. If the mother is still in the prenatal center, the baby is fed donor milk for the first 2-3 days. After being discharged home, the woman will have to constantly prepare a fresh mixture based on adapted products.

Additional Information. The composition of the mixture is as close as possible to breast milk in terms of the quantitative content of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other nutrients. The product contains at least 15 different vitamins and 11 micro- and macrocomponents.

• children born healthy;
• low birth weight and premature babies;
• prone to allergies.

For each period of newborns, their own mixtures are selected (from the first days to a month, up to 3, 6, 12 months). Therefore, it is necessary to start artificial nutrition strictly with the starting product.

When feeding a baby with formula from birth, it is important to properly organize high-quality nutrition. If you do not follow the rules and regimen, there are risks of both overfeeding and underfeeding the baby. Therefore, it is advisable to weigh newborns in the first months of life at least 2 times a week.

If there is a delay in body weight for more than 10 days, a change in diet will be required: switching to another mixture, introducing curds, prescribing fish oil. Controlling weight gain includes calculating calorie intake, daily and single volumes of formula, taking into account the baby’s life expectancy.

Artificial feeding regimen

Biologically, the digestion of newborns is adjusted by nature to breast milk. Therefore, transferring to IV can be regarded as stress for the whole organism. Not only the process of food digestion changes - the intestinal microflora is rearranged, the metabolism is modified.

When artificially feeding a newborn for up to a month, adaptation to new developmental conditions is carried out gradually, with mandatory adherence to the regime, excluding feeding on demand (which can be called a minus). This organization is convenient for the mother - the baby will not have to be nervous while the woman prepares food (and this is already a plus).

During the first 30 days of life, artificial animals are fed 6 times a day with an interval of 3.5 hours. At the same time, they try to maintain a 6-hour break at night. The consequence of more frequent feeding (as well as unsystematic feeding) will be indigestion.

Note! Newborns on IV need adapted fermented milk formulas. They can be combined with sweets, but the latter should be less than 50% of the daily volume.

General rules for artificial feeding

In order for the baby to adapt comfortably, it is important to adhere to general principles. When feeding a newborn with formula from birth, the basic rules include the following:

1. Bottles and nipples are sterilized before each feeding and stored in a closed container. After use, wash immediately.
2. The mixture is prepared immediately before use, maintaining a temperature of 37-40°.

1. It is necessary to adhere to the duration of normal feeding within 15-20 minutes. Therefore, make sure that baby fluid flows out of the nipple in drops and not in a trickle.
2. Accustoming to IV occurs gradually; only one type of adapted mixture is used.
3. If the child is unable to gain weight as a result, the product is also replaced gradually, over 2-3 days.

Important! Timely adjustments in feeding will prevent the development of hypertrophy in the baby.

1. The first complementary foods for IV children are introduced 3-4 weeks earlier than for “straight” children.

With artificial nutrition, babies receive more protein than those on breastfeeding. Therefore, they will need additional drink in the amount of 80-100 milliliters per day (boiled water, weakly brewed tea, rose hip decoction).

Formula dosage for newborns

Although the formulas are adapted for breast milk, they still have a slightly different ratio of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Therefore, the calorie content of food consumed during IV is 10-15% higher. However, the one-time volume of liquid given to the baby increases slightly, but the daily amount remains the same as with breastfeeding.

The dosage of the formula for newborns per appointment is selected taking into account the age of the baby. Daily calorie content is calculated based on the type of mixture (i.e., carefully study the manufacturer’s information printed on the packaging).

The preparation instructions contain a table showing how to properly dilute baby powder and in what quantity for a certain age. Each child has different needs. One baby may eat more than the recommended portion, another – less. Here the mother herself selects the optimal dose for her little one.

Important! If the baby has eaten less than what was prepared for him, he should not be forced to finish the milk formula. Perhaps he ate a little more last time.

Leftover food does not need to be left until the next feeding (even if it is stored in the refrigerator). It’s better to prepare a fresh mixture the next time.

How long does it take for a baby to digest formula?

Artificial feeding of newborns cannot be organized on a sliding schedule. The main point that should be taken into account with IV is how long the infant digests the mixture.

For babies in the first weeks of life, the digestive process of a heavier product than human milk takes 3.5 hours, for children over 5 months – 4 hours. Therefore, if the baby behaves restlessly and cries between meals, it is not because he is hungry. Perhaps he simply cannot go to the toilet and his tummy is bloated.

While many mothers lie in bed with their babies when breastfeeding, this cannot be done while breastfeeding. The woman will have to take a comfortable sitting position while holding the baby in her arms. This will allow you to tilt the bottle so that the neck is always full. Otherwise, when the baby drinks, he will swallow a lot of air.

After feeding, the baby is kept in an upright position for 10-12 minutes so that he burps. It is important to know not only how to properly give formula to a newborn, but also to ensure that the prepared liquid is homogeneous and does not contain lumps.

Modern mixtures can be called a real achievement in the food industry. But they will never become a 100% alternative to breast milk. If the baby was forced to be transferred to IV, his nutrition should be clearly organized and his body weight should be more carefully monitored, as well as the basic principles of feeding should be observed. If your weight gain is poor, you should change your dairy product only after consulting your pediatrician.

Video

Children of three months who are bottle-fed, according to pediatricians, constitute a kind of conditional risk group. It is at this age that the notorious colic appears or intensifies to the maximum. Children become capricious, restless and make life “fun” for the whole family. Grandmothers, fathers, mothers, older children - everyone is involved. But there is one trick that helps smooth out the troubles of a three-month-old artificial baby - pay close attention to its nutrition.

What to feed a formula-fed baby in the third month of life?

There is only one answer: an adapted mixture selected earlier. Some pediatricians, in the old-fashioned way, advise mothers to start giving fruit or vegetable purees. And on store shelves there are jars of ready-made purees indicating this age. No, it's still early. For now, your child can only fully digest adapted formulas and drink water. All.

How many times and in what quantity should you give the formula to your baby?

In the third month of life, the frequency of feedings is reduced to 6-7.

We give the mixture in the daily volume, calculated by the formula: v/6, where v is the child’s weight in grams.

Eg, a child at 2.5 months weighs 5.4 kg, then he needs 5400/6 - 900 ml of milk per day. For one time - 900/7 = 130 ml.

However, at three months the baby has already developed a routine. And at some times of the day he wants to eat more, at others less. Now pediatricians and WHO recommend so-called “free” artificial feeding, when the mother deliberately pours a little more formula than necessary, but does not insist that the baby empty the bottle completely. It may turn out that in one feeding the baby will suck only 90 grams, and in another - all 200. It’s okay, the main thing is that the daily volume fits into the recommended one.

At the end of the article, we have prepared for you a checklist “Why does a baby cry after feeding?” Download it and be a calm and confident mom!

The recommended daily volume is not a dogma, but only a guideline. Deviations can be either upward or downward. It all depends on the baby’s temperament and energy metabolism. It is best to focus on the child’s well-being, behavior, stool and weight gain.

Why does an artificial baby often have colic in the third month of life?

Children become more active and strong. They begin to greedily suck the pacifier, simply “attacking” it and swallowing air. As a result, colic gets worse. Moms need to take this point into account and take action:

• feed the baby only in your arms;
• be sure to fill the pacifier completely with the mixture and only then give it to the baby;
• monitor the correct position of the baby when sucking;
• Promptly remove the empty bottle.

After feeding, carry the baby in a “column” for 10-15 minutes, if he falls asleep, put him in bed on his side.

If the measures listed above do not help, then you can purchase special feeding bottles with an anti-colic system. Several companies produce such bottles:

• Avent;
• MamUltivent;
• Dr. Brown.

Other companies also have anti-colic bottles.

Such devices cost 2-3 times more than conventional ones and require increased effort in washing and care during sterilization. There is usually an effect, but sometimes it is not as pronounced as we would like.

Typical mistakes of mothers of three-month-old children who are bottle-fed

1. Do not pick up the baby, feed him in the crib. Some are afraid to accustom them to their hands, others are afraid to wake them up when transferring them from their hands to the crib after feeding. However, this disrupts the mother-child bond and increases the risk of colic and regurgitation.
2. Change the mixture. Colic is an unpleasant phenomenon, but it is unlikely to go away after changing the formula. Here you need to solve the problem comprehensively (as described above) and replacing the power supply is at the very bottom of the list of possible solutions.
3. Start early complementary feeding. The adapted mixture provides the baby with all the components he needs for growth and development. Therefore, there is no need to rush with complementary foods.

How was your third month of formula feeding? Have you used anti-colic bottles?

Download the checklist "Why does a baby cry after feeding?"

Every mother worries and worries when her child cries. And there is no mother who would not cry with her baby at least once. Download the checklist and find out exactly why your baby cries after feeding.