1.1 General concepts of medicinal and cosmetic products

Medicinal and cosmetic preparations - aesthetic and corrective agents of intensive pharmaceutical action with a concentrated composition of active substances that provide therapeutic, preventive, therapeutic and prophylactic care for the skin of the face and body, skin appendages; having a global and local character of application, characterized by versatility and multifunctionality. Designed both to resolve dermological problems and to maintain the optimal aesthetic condition of the skin and skin appendages. This term was first introduced by the American dermatovenerologist, more than 30 years ago, by Albert Kligman in the fight against dermal skin pathologies, to denote a group of decorative and hygienic products with a high therapeutic effect. ,

Unlike medicines, medical and cosmetic products are available for use not only for people with dermatological pathologies, but also for healthy people, since, in addition to a deep cosmetological effect, this type of cosmetic products has decorative properties. To achieve a prosperous life, a person has given and will give his health a major role every day. Such an extensive and important organ as the skin requires constant care and maintenance, which increases the interest and demand for medical and cosmetic products, leaving untested decorative products far away on the shelves of ordinary stores. Like drugs, medical and cosmetic drugs are subjected to severe clinical and biochemical tests, which determines their pronounced therapeutic and prophylactic effect.

Specialized medicinal and cosmetic preparations can now be purchased not only in pharmacies, but also to experience their effect in beauty parlors. Since the skin is a mirror of health. Therefore, a healthy appearance gives a person not only aesthetic satisfaction, but also a certain moral and psychological state, which in turn helps to improve health. The principle of cosmetology, as a branch of medicine, is the treatment and prevention of external defects using appropriate methods, procedures and medicinal substances. When performing such procedures as peeling, dermabrasion, brassage, even such manual effects as massage, removal of excessive hairiness, or vice versa, treatment of various types of alopecia requires the use of appropriate types of medical and cosmetic preparations.

The use of medical and cosmetic products does not end with their sale in pharmacies, beauty salons or general use to give the skin beauty, moisture, elasticity, such an important branch of medicine as pediatrics, widely uses modern drugs. The reasons for their use are quite simple and logical, since, firstly, they allow for step-by-step systematic care for various types of skin, and secondly, they satisfy the aesthetic requirements of each age category of children and adolescents, have a pleasant smell or do not smell, do not stain the skin and clothing, contain special components that mask skin defects; and improve the quality of life of children suffering from skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, diaper and seborrheic dermatitis, acne and others. Moisturizing cosmetics are widely used in children with the initial manifestations of atopic dermatitis and outside of its exacerbation; they are effective for excessive dryness, lichenification, and peeling. Medicinal cosmetics have a prophylactic effect, since they reduce skin dryness, reduce the threshold of cutaneous hyperreactivity, protect the skin from adverse external influences, have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby reducing the frequency of application of local corticosteroid drugs, as a result, the frequency of exacerbations decreases and the quality of life of patients improves ( itching, tightening feeling decreases).

1.2 Classification of medicinal and cosmetic products

Since in the modern world with a developed and extensive range of pharmaceutical products, medicinal and cosmetic preparations are not the last, and their varieties, both in terms of constituent substances and for medical purposes, are growing annually, then, like medicines, the latter need to be classified. There are several types of classifications of medical and cosmetic products, which can be combined into a general classification:

Classification of medical and cosmetic products

• 1. By area of \u200b\u200bapplication:
• 1.1 medical cosmetics for facial skin care;
• 1.2 medical cosmetics for hand skin care;
• 1.3 medicinal cosmetics for foot skin care;
• 1.4 medical cosmetics for body care;
• 1.5 sunscreens;
• 1.6 medical cosmetics for hair and scalp care.
• 2. By functional action:
• 2.1 hygienic;
• 2.2 cosmetic;
• 2.3 decorative;
• 2.4 protective;
• 2.5 therapeutic and prophylactic;
• 2.6 special.
• 3. By consistency:
• 3.1 liquid;
• 3.2 powdery;
• 3.3 jelly-like;
• 3.4 ointment;
• 3.5 waxy;
• 3.6 emulsion.
• 4. By skin type, hair:
• 4.1 for normal skin (hair);
• 4.2 for dry skin (hair);
• 4.3 for oily skin (hair).
• 5. By appointment:
• 5.1 hygiene cosmetics:
  • For washing, washing and cleaning the skin (water, soap, creams, oils, shampoos, toothpastes),
  • With antiseptic and deodorizing effect for intimate hygiene,
  • For the body (lotions, oils, creams, powder),
  • · To protect against UV radiation.
• 5.2 skin care products for face, hands, skin appendages:
  • Protective nature,
  • Moisturizing character,
  • · Regenerative.
• 5.3 hair care products;
• 5.4 decorative cosmetics:
  • For masking defects in appearance,
  • To hide color defects on the skin and nails,
  • Whitening,
  • · Means for removing unwanted vegetation.
• 6. By gender and age:
• 6.1 for men;
• 6.2 for women;
• 6.3 for children. ,

Scheme 1.2.1. "Classification of medical and cosmetic products"

1.2.1 Medical and cosmetic products for skin care

Facial skin care products occupy a leading place in the share of the range of medical and cosmetic products, since problems with facial skin are the most important for a person. Multiple etiological factors can lead to defects in the skin of the face, such as: adverse effects of external factors, unhealthy diet, hormonal imbalances, allergic reactions, microorganisms and other others; they can be either congenital or acquired. To suppress an aggressive agent, mask a defect, and most importantly, treat it using medical and cosmetic preparations for skin care. The main directions in achieving the desired effect are - preservation and restoration of skin tone and elasticity, cleansing, toning, nutrition, protection from adverse environmental factors (temperatures, UV radiation), lip care products and others.

Scheme 1.2.1.1. "Facial skin care products" (see appendix)

Currently, the pharmacy "market" is overflowing with foreign-made pharmaceuticals and cosmetics such as Vichy, La Roche Posay, Bioderma, Exfoliac, but domestic companies are not inferior either: Korff, Vitaskin, Botanics, Two lines, Planeta Organica, Natura Siberica.

The advice and prescriptions of many dermatologists for problem skin (the presence of acne, roseola), for deficiencies and defects will be cleansing with an antibacterial, antifungal effect, toning and the correct selection of medicinal creams, gels with the right composition and dose of drugs. In many modern Russian trade marks, there is a tendency to either complete or partial replacement of synthetic components of funds with natural ones, most often with phytopreparations. In many ways, natural extracts are not inferior, but, on the contrary, displace many laboratory-synthesized substances: extracts of witch hazel, lotus, tea tree oil, Ceylon cinnamon, bitter almond, wheat proteins, eucalyptus substances, peppermint, coconut and castor oils, and other substances ... Sensitive skin, the cause of discomfort for many, both men and women. For the purpose of reducing the sensitive factor, tonics, lotions with deep moisturizing and restoring qualities are prescribed; for men, special series are produced for skin care in especially irritable places - the shaving zone, these are balms and lotions before and after shaving.

Nutrition is another fundamental factor in protecting the face and maintaining or restoring the elasticity, smoothness, elasticity of the skin. For this, various creams, emulsions and lotions are used, which are selected in accordance with the type of skin, its condition, age, individual characteristics and susceptibility to the components of cosmetic preparations.

The following skin types are distinguished:

• 1. Normal skin type. The most common type of skin, but quite rare in its pure form. Basically, the mixed type predominates - normal, sometimes dry on the cheeks, neck, décolleté, and oily in the seborrheic zone. This type is characterized by normal sebum release, such skin is elastic, has a natural shine, firm, smooth. Normal skin contains all the components and substances in a proportionate, well-balanced ratio: water in it about 60%, proteins about 30% and fats about 10%. The water-lipid mantle of the skin is not disturbed, the chemical reaction of the skin surface is acidic.
• 2. Dry skin type... Most often found in a more mature age group. It is characterized by insufficient activity of the sebaceous and sweat glands, which does not create reliable protection against external factors. Narrowing skin is extremely sensitive even to slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity, and does not tolerate washing with plain water. Excessive sun exposure, which causes rapid aging of dry skin, is especially unfavorable for dry skin.
• 3. Oily skin type... Frequent skin type for adolescence, which is associated with changes in the hormonal balance of the body at this age. However, this type is not uncommon for a more mature age. Oily skin is characterized by increased skin pattern, because of the enlarged pores, the surface of the skin looks coarse. Excessive oiliness of the skin interferes with the natural process of sloughing off the cells of the stratum corneum of the skin, so sebum begins to accumulate in the ducts of the sebaceous glands, as a result of which sebaceous plugs - comedones - form in the pores of the skin.
• 4. Hypersensitive skin type... Sensitive skin produces little fat, has a very thin stratum corneum and produces very little protective pigment, which makes it particularly sensitive to various external stimuli. Typical symptoms of oversensitive skin include irritation, redness, a feeling of tension, flaking and itching. Such manifestations occur as a reaction of sensitive skin to cosmetic procedures, as well as to cold, excessive insolation in the sun or polluted air.
• 1.2.2 Medical and cosmetic products for hand skin care

The skin of the hands is a visible part of the body that is not left without attention every minute. Every day, hands are faced with hundreds of damaging and aggressive factors, not only in any type of production, but also in everyday life. It is because of this that the skin of the hands is evidence of age and adverse effects. Usually, hand care products are classified into the following:

Scheme 1.2.2.1. "Hand skin care products"

1.2.3 Medical and cosmetic products for foot skin care

General foot care includes the use of cleansing, toning, soothing and healing baths, as well as excessive sweating of the skin of the feet. For this, a large number of creams, lotions, emulsions, deodorants, mazol tinctures, antifungal agents are prescribed. The diabetic foot requires an especially deep and intensive moisturizing treatment. With abrasions, cuts, cracks, one of the dangers of therapy is a therapeutic bath, which may contain infusions of calendula flowers, linden, sage leaves, mint; with increased sweating of the legs, mainly 10% decoctions of oak bark, willow bark, oat straw, horsetail herb are used.

1.2.4 Medical cosmetics for body care

Body care products can be classified into the following groups:

Scheme 1.2.4.1. "Body care products"

A huge number of companies manufacture and supply their products to pharmacies and beauty salons. This group of products includes various creams, milk, sprays, soaps, gels, foams and bath salts, intimate hygiene products, deodorants and preparations for removing unwanted hair. A wide range of products with natural ingredients can boast of modern Russian companies that do not remain from foreign competitors: Two lines, Planeta Organica, Natura Siberica. They include extracts of plants from the Altai Territory, mint, St. John's wort; oils - argan, peach, almond, coconut oil; natural antioxidant and antibacterial substances - green tea, honey, tea tree and others. Mineral baths and mud applications improve blood circulation, metabolism, reduce fatigue, stress, reduce joint pain. They contain compounds of magnesium, potassium, calcium and other salts and trace elements.

1.2.5 Sunscreens

Sun protection products are designed to protect the skin from the harmful and destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation on them, the excessive exposure of which can be carcinogenic.

Scheme 1.2.5.1. "Sunscreens"

On drugstore shelves, you can find a variety of products for achieving an even tan, which will include the right amount of protective substances in accordance with the skin type. Because sensitive and children's skin requires special attention and special care, since persons with this type of skin have a reduced threshold of natural defense mechanisms.

Excessive or incorrectly dosed exposure to the open sun can cause burns. For such cases, there are special medical and cosmetic preparations, which include a large number of moisturizing and regenerative components based on panthenol, betaine, allantoin, extracts of chamomile, calendula, yarrow, natural oils.

1.2.6 Medical cosmetics for hair and scalp care

Hair lifespan ranges from 2 to 4 years. Improper care of hair is of no small importance in the pathological changes in normal hair. Soap and shampoo cleanse the hair and scalp from dirt, grease and dead scales; at the same time, hairs that have completed their cycle of existence are removed. The reason for many and frequent appeals to dermatologists or cosmetologists is excessively oily hair, various types of alopecia, the presence of dandruff, dysfunction of the endocrine glands, non-neural overstrain, hormonal imbalances, and more. However, for the cosmetic fight against these uncomfortable conditions, there are medical and cosmetic products for the care of hair and scalp.

Scheme 1.2.6.1. "Medical and cosmetic products for hair and scalp care" (see appendix)

1.3 The most common constituents of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

In the production of medical and cosmetic products, biologically active substances of plant, animal and mineral origin are used, which are of two types by the type of impact: some affect only the surface of the skin, others are capable of penetrating into the deep layers of the skin.

Biologically active substances of plant origin are very popular now. They are formed during the life of plants and effectively affect the metabolic process in skin cells, have an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, soothing, astringent, tonic and softening effect. These substances have a varied composition and belong to different classes of chemical compounds: sugars, organic acids, essential and fatty oils, vitamins, phytoncides, mucous and tannins, saponins, alkaloids, minerals, etc.

Sahara in plants they are mainly represented by glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc. For example, glucose improves skin nutrition, affects water retention in cells, and protects the skin from wrinkling.

Organic acids (fruit)- glycolic, lemon, apple, wine, grape are used in the composition of medical and cosmetic products and stimulate the renewal of deep-lying cells, as a result of which fine wrinkles are smoothed, age spots are lightened, skin firmness and elasticity increase.

Essential oilshave astringent, bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. Contained in mint leaves, St. John's wort, sage leaves, linden flowers, roses, chamomile, etc. Azulene - one of the components of essential oil contained in St. John's wort, yarrow, chamomile, improves the nutrition of skin cells, enhances metabolism, has a beneficial effect on skin with sunburn and irritation, is part of hair care products.

Fatty vegetable oils (almond, olive, castor, corn, etc.) are not only solvents of some fat-soluble biologically active substances, but they themselves have a positive effect. In particular, they protect the skin from drying out, make it elastic, soft and firm, protect it from dust, cold, sunlight, and are also the only means by which the necessary active substances penetrate into the deep layers of the skin.

Phytoncides- volatile substances produced by plants. They have antimicrobial properties, when applied externally they act as a disinfectant. The phytoncidal properties of calendula, onions, garlic, field horsetail and other plants are widely used.

Tannins have bactericidal, astringent and anti-inflammatory effects, tone the skin, soothe irritation. Useful for oily seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe face, acne and wide-pored skin, used to strengthen hair, with sweating. Contained in the bark of oak, St. John's wort, wormwood, yarrow, sage leaves, etc.

Pectin substances (pectins)- chilling intercellular substances. They reduce the active activity of harmful microorganisms, suppress putrefactive processes, promote the healing of wounds, cracks, weaken inflammation, rejuvenate and refresh the skin. Contained in oranges, cranberries, gooseberries, lemons.

Slime are formed from the cells of the peel, less often from the intercellular substance of plants. They have a softening, enveloping and wound-healing effect. Many mucous substances are contained in the seeds of quince, flax, plantain leaves, marshmallow roots.

Saponins have high biological activity. In cosmetics, they have found application as a means of stimulating hair growth.

Vitamins are a group of physiologically active substances necessary for the normal functioning of the body. They participate in all metabolic processes, have a beneficial effect on the skin, stimulate the activity of its cells, eliminate flabbiness, increase turgor. Vegetable raw materials are valuable sources of vitamins. In medicine and cosmetics, vitamins A, B, C, D, E, F, H, K, P and PP are used.

Vitamin A (retinol) participates in protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, strengthens the immune system, supports the protective functions of the skin, improves its elasticity and general condition. In cosmetics, not pure vitamin is used, but its derivatives in the form of acetate and palmitate. They are found in preparations for mature skin and in some sunscreens. Vitamin A prevents the formation of wrinkles, slows down the aging of the skin, promotes its regeneration, including when damaged by ultraviolet rays.

Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) plays an important role in the activities of many bodies. It is not synthesized in the body, so it is necessary to constantly consume foods containing thiamine. With insufficient provision of the body with this vitamin, the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates deteriorates. Thiamine is useful for various forms of acne, seborrhea, age spots, dermatitis, hair loss and poor hair growth, and graying.

Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) participates in metabolism, plays an essential role in the synthesis of protein and fat, has a beneficial effect on the work of the gastrointestinal tract, the liver improves vision, is an important component in the process of blood supply. With its lack, dryness and ulcers in the corners of the lips are observed, acne and acne appear, and wound healing slows down. The use of riboflavin has a positive effect on aging skin.

Vitamin B 3 (pantothenic acid)contained in almost all products of animal and plant origin, it is necessary for the metabolic process, regulates the formation of pigment in the hair. With a lack of vitamin B 3, premature graying and hair loss occurs. It is used, more often in the form of calcium pantothenate, for dry and sagging skin, seborrhea, for the treatment of wounds, burns and ulcers.

Vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine)useful for seborrhea, acne vulgaris and rosacea, seborrheic hair loss, dermatitis. With its lack, atrophy of epidermal cells, hair roots and sebaceous glands occurs.

Vitamin B 9 (folic acid)stimulates the activity of the skin, promotes normal hair growth, has a positive effect on wrinkles, rosacea, dermatoses.

Vitamin B 10 (para-aminobenzoic acid) has a beneficial effect on hair growth and maintains its normal color. Contained in brewer's yeast, bran, liver.

Vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin) useful for seborrheic dermatitis, hair loss, rosacea, dermatitis. Contained in animal products, less commonly in plants.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) participates in the synthesis of collagen, in carbohydrate metabolism, the process of blood coagulation, the formation of steroid hormones, tissue regeneration, and strengthening of the immune system. As an active antioxidant, it protects cell membranes from free radical damage. The human body does not synthesize vitamin C, but receives it from the outside. Ascorbic acid is recommended for loose skin, rosacea, freckles, hair diseases, dermatoses, skin pigmentation.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) participates in immune defense and important processes of cell metabolism, activates tissue respiration, stimulates blood supply, has an antioxidant effect, preventing the formation of free radicals. In cosmetics, vitamin E is used together with vitamin A for sluggish and flabby skin, seborrhea, acne vulgaris and rosacea, dermatoses.

Vitamin F is a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic) or their ethyl or methyl esters in the form of a yellow oily liquid. These acids, in the form of triglycerides, are found in large quantities in many vegetable oils. Lack of vitamin leads to thinning and hair loss, dandruff, dry and flaky skin. Vitamin F promotes the assimilation of fats, participates in the fat metabolism of the skin. In cosmetics it is widely used in the composition of nourishing creams, especially for aging skin, in hair care products.

Vitamin H (biotin) has a regulating effect on the human nervous system, the condition of the skin, is involved in fat metabolism. With a deficiency of biotin, dermatoses, hyperpigmentation and peeling of the skin develop, and the growth of nails is disrupted. It also has a positive effect on seborrhea, wrinkles, flabby and oily skin, acne, baldness.

Vitamin K (phylloquinone) has a good hemostatic effect, reduces the intensity of inflammation and edema. Due to this, it is effective in the treatment of hematomas, red acne, as well as age-related vascular damage, edema and solar erythema.

Vitamin P (rutin)has a positive effect on digestion, the activity of the circulatory system, the work of the liver, gallbladder. Vitamin P is added to skin care products in the form of plant extracts containing this vitamin.

Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) necessary for the implementation of biological oxidation processes in the body, is part of important enzymes. With a lack of nicotinic acid, the skin loses its elasticity, its color deteriorates, and peeling appears. In cosmetics, vitamin PP is used as part of lotions for seborrhea, rosacea and acne vulgaris, skin inflammation, hair loss.

Vitamin U useful for seborrhea, is found in the juice of fresh vegetables and fruits, mainly in cabbage, as well as in cereals and vegetable fats.

A significant place in cosmetics is occupied by biostimulants. These include aloe extract and juice, apilac, placenta extract and others. Aloe extract or juice, introduced into creams, has a beneficial effect on the skin and the entire body, enhancing the processes of cell regeneration. Used in cosmetic preparations for dry and oily skin. They have a positive effect on acne, oily skin, facial irritation and wrinkles. Apilak has tonic properties. Apilak creams have a stimulating effect in the treatment of seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe face and scalp.

Placenta extract is indicated for the treatment of rosacea and acne vulgaris, red granular nose, and premature atrophy of the facial skin.

As biologically active substances in the technology of medical and cosmetic products are used hormones. They are substances produced by the endocrine glands and have a specific effect on the body. Hormones are introduced into various cosmetics to treat hair loss, acne and other cosmetic skin imperfections. Hormone emulsions should only be used as directed by a physician. Self-medication with this group of substances is unacceptable.

Biologically active substances also include antiseptic, depigmenting, astringent and deodorant agents.

Antiseptics.Antibiotics, benzoic and boric acids, iodine, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, mercury salts, alcohol, thymol, resorcinol, basic bismuth nitrate, salicylic acid, camphor, formalin, tar, furacilin, ethacridine lactate, sulfanilamide are used as antiseptic agents in cosmetology. drugs.

Benzoic acid has a fungicidal and antiseptic effect. It is applied externally in alcoholic solutions for peeling the skin in order to remove freckles.

Boric acid has a bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effect. Dehydrating the epidermis, it has a keratoplastic effect without irritating the tissue. It is used in 2-3% solutions in the form of lotions for acute inflammation of the skin, for rinsing the mouth, mixed with talcum powder in powders - for sweating. In combination with tartaric and citric acids, boric acid has a stronger antiseptic, in particular, antimycotic (antifungal) effect.

Borax (sodium tetraborate). It is a gentle alkali, saponifies fats, softens the epidermis, therefore it is recommended for washing the face with oily skin (2.5% aqueous solution) and for discoloration of pigmentation (10-20% solution in glycerin). In cosmetology, borax is used as a preservative, as an alkali for softening hard water (Ѕ-1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water) and as a degreasing agent.

Sodium hyposulfite in combination with hydrochloric acid, it is successfully used in cosmetology for oily seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe scalp, acne, and globular acne.

Dermatol has a disinfecting, astringent and epithelial effect. Used in ointments at a concentration of 10%.

Ichthyol in weak dilutions it has anti-inflammatory, keratolytic and itching effects. In its pure form, it is used to treat boils. It is introduced into alcohol, water, glycerin solutions, ointments, pastes.

Camphor alcohol consists of one part of camphor, 7 parts of ethyl alcohol 90% and 2 parts of purified water. It is used for oily seborrhea.

Camphor vinegar includes 1 part of camphor dissolved in 70 parts of 90% alcohol with the addition of 180 parts of vinegar. It has a disinfecting, cooling and cleaning effect.

Ammonia - 10% aqueous ammonia solution. Recommended as an itching agent for insect bites (neutralizes the acid introduced during mosquito and bee bites).

Naftalan oil has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipruritic and antiseptic effects. It mixes easily with fats, oils, glycerin, liquid and powdery medicinal substances and is introduced into powders, ointments, pastes, emulsions.

Hydrogen peroxide easily decomposes into water and oxygen, providing a disinfecting and deodorizing effect. In cosmetology it is widely used as a hemostatic, bleaching and disinfectant.

Resorcinol in 1-2% concentration it has a pronounced antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antiseborrheic, keratoplastic and epithelial effect. In stronger concentrations (15-50%), resorcinol, drying the stratum corneum, is a low-pain agent for deep exfoliation of the skin and is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, hyperpigmentation. In its pure form, resorcinol is a painless and non-scarring, cauterizing agent for eliminating genital warts. When prescribing it in ointments, it is necessary to indicate the need for preliminary dissolution in alcohol or ether.

Rivanol (ethacridine lactate) has a pronounced antiseptic effect in solutions 1: 1000, 1: 500. In vaseline ointments, it is used in 1-2% concentration.

Thymolhas a disinfectant, antifungal, anti-putrefactive and itching effect. In the form of 0.25-0.5% alcohol solution, it is used for oily seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe scalp.

Astringents and deodorants. Astringents, causing leather tanning, fix microorganisms and for some time have a disinfecting effect. In addition, they reduce the secretion of glandular cells and therefore are used for increased sweating. Concentrated astringent solutions act as a cauterizing agent, i.e. cause tissue death. Astringents include: tannin, oak bark, serpentine rhizome, St. John's wort, pomegranate bark, alcohol, formalin, alum, lead compounds, zinc oxide, and copper sulfate.

Tannin (tannic acid)in the form of 1,2,5,10% solutions used for acute inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. As an agent that lowers secretion, tannin is used for diaper rash, oily seborrhea, sweating.

Burnt alum used as a cauterizing, astringent agent for oily seborrhea.

Potash alum in the form of a saturated aqueous solution, they are used as an astringent, hemostatic and weakly disinfectant in case of excessive sweating, oily seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe face, especially when the skin begins to fade.

Lead acetic acid consists of 3 parts of lead acetate, 1 part of lead oxide and 10 parts of water. After dilution with water, a 2% solution is prepared from lead vinegar, which is called lead water and is used topically in the form of lotions as an astringent.

Lactic acid in the form of a 1% solution is recommended for the treatment of oily seborrhea of \u200b\u200bthe face and scalp. Concentrated lactic acid is used as a cauterizing agent.

Salicylic acid has a loosening effect without causing significant inflammation. The stratum corneum, swelling under its influence, becomes white. In high concentrations, with prolonged use, salicylic acid necrotizes the thorny layer of the epidermis. At a concentration of 1-2%, it exhibits keratolytic, antiseptic, itching and deodorizing effects. It is used in the form of alcohol solutions, ointments, pastes, plasters.

Sulfur besiegedit is used only externally for numerous diseases, in particular, with seborrhea, all forms of acne, hair diseases. Acting keratolytic on keratinized follicular funnels, sulfur opens them, facilitating the emptying of pus. In low concentrations it has keratoplastic properties, in high concentrations it dries out the skin and, acting keratolytically, often causes dermatitis. It is used in the form of powders, suspensions, ointments, pastes and soaps.

Depigmenting agents. The depigmenting effect is often achieved with keratolytic and whitening agents. Keratolytic agents that exfoliate the stratum corneum accelerate the change of pigment-depleted epidermal cells. Hydrogen peroxide, perhydrol, acetic acid, lemon juice and acid, as well as lactic acid products, protein-alum, protein-salt masks are used as whitening (bleaching) agents. The choice of a means and method to achieve a depigmenting effect depends on the nature and age of pigmentation, skin condition, and drug tolerance.

1.4 Fields of application of medical and cosmetic products, their characteristics

Not only perfume and pharmaceutical companies produce medical and cosmetic products, but also pharmacies according to the prescriptions of dermatologists and cosmetologists. There are six groups powdery medical and cosmetic products:

• 1. Powders for the face (medicinal, protective, photoprotective);
• 2. Hygienic powders (antihyperhidrous, antifungal powders, against diaper rash in children);
• 3. Bases for cosmetic masks (whitening, astringent);
• 4. Tooth powder;
• 5. Means for polishing the nail plate;
• 6. Dry shampoos.

Face powders... Powders are used to protect the skin, mask imperfections, and also for therapeutic purposes - for acne, erysipelas. The main components of powders are talc, kaolin, white clay, basic magnesium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate, starch, magnesium or zinc stearate. Talc is a part of powders without fail, as it has free-flowing properties and gives a sliding effect. Kaolinused for adsorbing action has good hiding power. Magnesium or zinc stearate It is used to achieve a sliding effect, as well as to keep the powder on the skin for a long period. Starch, which gives the skin velvety, has a negative ability - it is a good environment for the development of microorganisms. Zinc oxide is used mainly as a disinfectant. To a greater extent, oily skin needs the application of powder (to eliminate oily sheen, mask cosmetic defects: porosity, acne). Powders for oily skin should not contain emollient fatty additives. As a rule, adsorbent and drying agents such as kaolin, zinc oxide are introduced into them. Dry skin with constant dusting is easily exposed to drying, then peeling, therefore fatty and softening components are introduced into the powder for dry skin.

Hygienic powders.Hygienic powders include: powders for combating hyperhidrosis, fungal diseases, for drying the skin, for diaper rash in children. These powders should be as small as possible to avoid irritation and chafing of the skin (especially baby powders). They include sliding, adsorbing substances: talc, starch, lycopodium with the addition of antiseptic substances, such as zinc oxide. It is not recommended to add fragrances and dyes to baby powders in order to avoid the possible occurrence of allergic reactions. In the manufacture of such powders, it is mandatory to comply with aseptic conditions, followed by sterilization of thermostable substances, carried out depending on the physicochemical properties of substances and their mass.

Basics for beauty masks... The face mask is an easy-to-use and effective remedy that allows you to significantly improve the condition of the skin in a short time. There are medicinal, depigmenting, drying and degreasing, softening-nourishing and toning masks. Masks consist of a base and additional substances. Fats, egg yolk or white, various powdery substances (talc, starch, white clay, magnesium oxide, etc.) are used as the basis. Various medicinal substances are often added to the base: alum, citric, boric acid, zinc oxide, etc. The choice of components for the mask depends on the type of skin. For oily skin with enlarged pores, drying (astringent) masks are used; if there are age spots and freckles on the skin, bleaching masks; for oily skin with youthful acne, medical masks are used to relieve irritation, inflammation and cleanse the skin.

Dentifrice... The main application of the tooth powder is the treatment and cleaning of teeth and surrounding tissues from soft dental plaque. The main components of dental powders are precipitated calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate is basic. Dental powders are made by perfume factories, rarely by pharmacies.

Means for polishing the nail plate... They are one of the elements for nail care that eliminate irregularities and roughness of the nail plate, to make them smooth and shiny. Polishing agents, flavoring and coloring additives (lavender oil, lemon essence, carmine, eosin and others) are introduced into nail polish.

Dry shampoos... They are ordinary powders, the main purpose of which is to absorb fat from the hair surface with increased grease. They contain adsorbents, degreasing agents: white clay, magnesium oxide, precipitated calcium carbonate, rice starch.

Creamy Medical and cosmetic preparations are usually subdivided into categories according to consistency, nature of the base and purpose.

By consistency secrete fatty cosmetic preparations (milk, extraction oils), soft (ointment, cream), dense (pastes). By nature of the basis emit creams on fatty, emulsifying and non-fatty bases. By appointment cream preparations are divided into day and night, as well as creams for specific skin types, moisturizing, cleansing, nourishing, protective, photoprotective and depigmenting.

1.5 Requirements for medicinal and cosmetic products

According to SanPiN 1.2.68-97, the production of medical and cosmetic products must be sterile, raw materials must be checked for the presence of microorganisms; containers for the manufacture of compositions are sterilized; the water used is sterilized; in the manufacture of the compositions, all aseptic rules are observed; effective, permitted preservatives are used in the recipe.

According to GOST 27429-87 (with amendments and additions to GOST 28303-89), the packaging and packaging of drugs must be in consumer containers of the corresponding requirements (porcelain, ceramics, tubes, test tubes, ampoules); consumer packaging and closures are made from materials by the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities; on each packaging unit, all items from section 2.1, 2.2 of the corresponding GOST must be indicated.

In accordance with GOST 29188.0-91, all the requirements of section 2 must be met. Sampling; 3. Methods of organoleptic tests.

According to GOST 29188.6-91, all gas chromatographic methods for the determination of ethyl alcohol must be carried out.

GOST R 51391-99 applies to perfumery and cosmetic products of domestic and foreign production; intended for use in the production, trade, storage and identification of these products. Contains general requirements as well as information for the consumer.

According to GOST R 51578-2000, all liquid perfumes must undergo the specified technical manipulations.

Microbiological indicators must comply with the requirements given in table 1.5.1 "Basic requirements for microbiological indicators"; as well as organoleptic and physicochemical treatments given in table 1.5.2 "Requirements for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of medicinal and cosmetic products."

Table 1.5.1 "Basic requirements for microbiological indicators"

	Product type	The total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria	Moldy coarse and yeast	Bacteria of the Enterobacte riaceae family	Staphyloclccus aureus bacteria	Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
CFU in 1 g (cm3) of product	In 1 g (cm3) of product
	Ampoule cosmetics	Sterile products
	Cosmetics for children, cosmetics around the eyes and lips, intimate hygiene and intimate cosmetics, oral hygiene products, etc.	No more than 10 in the second degree	absence	absence	absence	absence
	Other cosmetics	No more than 10 to 3 degrees	No more than 10 in the second degree	absence	absence	absence

Table 1.5.2 "Requirements for organoleptic and physical and chemical indicators of medicinal and cosmetic products"

Name	Specifications
Skin care products
Creams, cream, milk, emulsions, cream masks, mousses, balms, including before and after sunburn	Appearance	Homogeneous mass without foreign impurities
Hydrogen exponent
Sunscreen	Appearance	Homogeneous liquid creamy mass
	Specific to the color of this product
	Inherent to the smell of this product
Hydrogen exponent
Hair care products
	Appearance	Homogeneous single-phase or multi-phase liquid (thick or creamy mass) without impurities
	Specific to the color of this product
	Inherent to the smell of this product
Hydrogen exponent
Hygienic detergents
Solid toilet soap	Appearance	Cracks, stripes, effusions, stains are not allowed on the surface
	Specific to the color of this product
	Inherent to the smell of this product
Consistency	Firm to the touch. Cross-sectional homogeneous

1.6 Conclusions

Medical and cosmetic products have taken an intermediate place between medicines and decorative cosmetics. They appear on the shelves of pharmacies, sometimes displacing even the most important product. Aside from the incredible benefits of ever-increasing sales, the consumer truly believes they are helping. Medical and cosmetic products are produced by large factories and small laboratories. Medical cosmetics look to a future full of great prospects. Its number is growing every day. Billion-dollar turnover of companies will only spur the further development of this industry, because people have begun to trust well-known brands of medical cosmetics more often. The reason for this is not only advertising, but also the real hard daily work of scientists. The main purpose of these drugs is achieved by adding various substances to their composition - both organic and inorganic, both natural and synthetic. Dozens of laboratories are engaged in the study of various compounds, plants, animals in order to ultimately bring benefits. And whatever the result would not have been crowned research, they are still profitable and will continue. In recent years, there has been a popularization of natural sources, and for this the whole world turned its face to nature, trying to understand from what it is possible to create something that can be used to heal and how to try to make a person more beautiful. The pursuit of beauty continues for hundreds and hundreds of years, and a person in it does not know fatigue, but the main thing is that he does not forget what real beauty is.

Introduction

The neologism "cosmeceuticals" was introduced into everyday life about 20 years ago by the famous American dermatologist Albert Kligman. In his understanding, this term, formed from the words "cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals", denoted a new, third, category of funds, intermediate between these two. Based on the concepts adopted in Russia, this category could be compared with therapeutic and prophylactic cosmetics

Kligman's new term was created by a long-term cycle of work with retinoic acid. According to US law, retinoic acid is a drug that can be used as a topical treatment for wrinkled or UV-damaged skin. Thus, products containing retinoic acid could not be classified as medicinal substances due to their cosmetic purpose and certain distribution channels, although retinoic acid itself can cause serious side effects and is therefore considered a drug. To designate this category of funds, the term "cosmeceuticals" was proposed.

Kligman's position caused an ambiguous reaction from all specialists: chemists, cosmetologists, pharmacists. It has long been believed that all means of cutaneous application are divided into two types: medicines used to prevent or treat disease; cosmetics that have only a superficial effect and serve to decorate and improve the appearance. But, unfortunately, the legal definition of cosmetics in all countries of the world sounds different, although the meaning is the same everywhere - a cosmetic product should not affect the structure and function of the skin.

At the state level, this problem was first tried to be solved in the United States in 1938. Then a decree of the United States Congress was issued, directed against a huge number of elixirs and patented medicines that pose a certain danger to the consumer. In the decree, only two polar groups of funds were distinguished: medicines and cosmetics.

It was according to this document that a means “aimed at decorating and creating a more attractive appearance” was considered to be cosmetics. A drug was defined "as a means used for the diagnosis, care and prevention of a disease, capable of changing the functional and structural characteristics of the body." Aesthetics has been contrasted with the medical position in skin science.

The properties of a drug are primarily determined by which active ingredient is included in it and what potential is contained in this active ingredient. The action of a drug is always determined by the risk / benefit ratio for the body. A medicine can have some toxic effect and have a concomitant negative effect on the body, and for all medicines, a certain risk is acceptable if the potential therapeutic benefit is unequivocally proven.

The medicine is intended for a target group in which the risk of unwanted effects is related to the timing of achieving a therapeutic effect. In contrast to medicine, in cosmetic products, the risk of unwanted effects is minimized. Cosmetics are intended for the general public and their use implies optimal skin compatibility.

Section 1. The concept of medical cosmetics.

The history of the emergence of life on earth is closely related to solving the problem of water conservation in the internal environment of the body. Only by “learning” to retain water, living beings were able to leave the world's oceans onto land. The earliest of these were covered in mucus. Composed of large hydrophilic molecules, the mucus retains moisture, preventing the body from drying out. As living creatures move away from water, other mechanisms have been formed that contribute to the “locking” of moisture, for example, the synthesis of keratin.

Keratin is a protein that has a high molecular weight and is insoluble in water. The presence of keratin in the cells of the stratum corneum of the epidermis determined (and still does) the impermeability and good protective functions of the skin. Thanks to this, the evaporation of moisture from the thickness of the skin was limited. At a later stage of development, skin cells began to synthesize another very important substance for hydration - filaggrin. Filaggrin is interesting in that, under the influence of enzymes, it breaks down into a number of amino acids (glutamine, histidine, etc.), which are natural hydrofixers (NMF, Narural Moisturizing Factor), i.e. substances that retain water. When the skin does not have enough water, the process of filaggrin breakdown is activated and the amount of hydrofixers increases, and, consequently, the percentage of moisture. Under the influence of a number of external and internal factors, the mechanisms of the skin's natural protection against dehydration fail. The skin becomes dull, dry and uneven. Wrinkles appear on it faster. In this case, use moisturizers.

Cosmeceuticals is a direction formed at the intersection of cosmetology and pharmacology. Cosmetic products that have certain benefits associated with their real, claimed and / or perceived positive effect. Manufacturers often claim that cosmeceuticals are similar to drugs, which were previously developed exclusively by medicinal cosmetics in the interests of cosmetology. The formula of cosmetic products of the cosmeceutical series is advanced and actively affects the skin. The popularity of medical cosmetics is growing every year. The market for its implementation last year amounted to millions of dollars. However, there is a precedent for not entirely correct use of the term "cosmeceuticals" by cosmetics manufacturers in relation to products that are not therapeutic, but only contain active agents for transporting components into the deep layers of the skin.

True medicinal cosmetics are able not only to care for the skin and hair, but also have the properties of restoring their structure, regenerating even the deep layers of the skin.

The composition of cosmeceutical products includes vitamins, enzymes, antioxidants, acids and other active substances. For example, vitamins A, E, C help to successfully fight skin aging, panthenol and the acid converted from it are the basis for normal cellular metabolism, lipids identical to those contained in the skin help to restore damaged skin, antioxidants reduce the negative effects of free radicals, etc. ...

Medical cosmetics are indispensable for those who have very sensitive skin. This type of skin, as a rule, does not tolerate a large amount of preservatives, fragrances, and dyes in cosmetics. In most cases, cosmeceuticals are not only hypoallergenic, but also contain medicinal components that soothe irritated skin, make it healthy and well-groomed.

Medical cosmetics are sold in the pharmacy network, and although the level of the content of medicinal substances in it does not exceed the permissible norms, it is better to use it after consulting a specialist. A competent cosmetologist or, in the presence of skin diseases, a dermatologist will correctly draw up a scheme for the use of cosmeceuticals, the duration of the course of application, and advise which active ingredients should be present in a particular cosmetic product.

A consultation with a specialist will not only help you navigate the wide range of medicinal cosmetics, but also help you avoid the wrong choice of cosmetics. But in case of problem skin, it is important not only to carry out treatment in a timely manner, but also not to harm.

A big advantage of medicinal cosmetics is its ability to supply the nutrients necessary for the skin, to influence its independent regenerative properties. Such an active effect on the skin of cosmetic products allows the use of fewer drugs for the treatment of dermatological problems. Cosmeceutical products help to get rid of mycoses of nails, head lice, prevent the appearance of herpetic eruptions on the lips.

Modern manufacturers of medicinal cosmetics attach great importance to compliance with the norms for the content of medicinal components, since this class of cosmetics is also intended for healthy people. The use of cosmeceuticals in this case is justified in order to prevent aging, restore skin toughness. With regard to hair, medical cosmetics can be used to prevent hair loss, to restore hair follicles.

Recently, more and more buyers in our country prefer to purchase cosmetics in the pharmacy network, rightly believing that it is more reliable and of high quality. Today, most pharmacies have expanded their product range with products from well-known cosmetic companies.

Types of cosmetic products

All products of this type can be divided into three independent groups:

• medical cosmetics;
• selective cosmetics;
• mass market.

Medical pharmaceutical cosmetics are used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of diseases of the skin, hair, nails. It contains biologically active additives. This type includes products of the Sofia brand.

The products of the mass market group are available to most consumers and are intended for high-quality care of the delicate skin of the face, hands and feet, as well as hair and nails. This type of cosmetics is sold not only in pharmacies, but also in specialized stores.

Natural cosmetic

Cosmetics with a perfectly matched combination of natural ingredients, the latest technologies and magnificent textures - Nuxe ("Nyuks"). Essential oils, vitamins, fruit acids nourish and regenerate the skin, relieve irritation, maintain elasticity and youth.

Hypoallergenic products based on essential oils and plant extracts - CAUDALIE ("Kodali"). They target specific skin problems, not just preventative care.

"Topping" - German cosmetics. It is based on olive oil. The company offers customers products for everyday additional use and care of skin and hair. The assortment of the company includes tonic, protective, nutritional products.

Taking care of your hair

PHYTO ("Fito") is a renowned dermatological brand specializing in the production of high quality and effective hair care products. All herbal extracts included in the composition are optimally dosed.

KLORAN ("Cloran") - these cosmetics contain extracts of medicinal plants and herbs (nettle, nasturtium, thistle, macassar, quinine, etc.). The Kloran scientific laboratories have developed the ideal ratio of these extracts.

Nutricosmetics

Means of the company INNEOV ("Inneov"), in addition to effectively solving problems with hair and skin, replenish the existing lack of vitamins and useful micro- and macroelements in the human diet. They deliver the required amount of active substances to the body.

The Danish line makes unique complexes for nourishing and improving skin condition. They contain active ingredients, collagen, which is essential for healthy skin like air.

Hyaluronic acid

Today, many people know the beneficial effects of this component on the condition of the skin. What role does it play? Hyaluronic acid has a binding effect on water in the intercellular spaces, helping to increase tissue resistance. One acid molecule binds and holds up to five hundred water molecules around itself. It distributes and transports it into the tissues. In addition, it is an excellent joint lubricant, normalizes intraocular pressure.

How hyaluronic acid helps skin

It is effective in correcting age-related skin changes. Restores lost elasticity, fights the formation of folds and wrinkles. The difficulty lies in the fact that in the cream it is quite difficult to preserve the active acid in a large volume, which can help the dehydrated skin.

Choice of quality cosmetics

Pharmacy brands of cosmetics are constantly replenished, so every year it becomes more difficult to make the right choice. It is no secret that even in a pharmacy chain, not all cosmetic products are of high quality. When choosing the necessary product, pay attention to its percentage. Often, not very conscientious manufacturers go to the trick and include in their products a tiny fraction of hyaluronic acid (one percent or even less). Cosmetologists recommend choosing products with a daily use of at least 150 mg. This concentration does not cause quick addiction, but the effect will be very noticeable. This justifies the high cost of such drugs. Today, pharmaceutical cosmetics containing hyaluronic acid are produced by many manufacturers, but it is better to buy products from world famous brands, such as OLAY, La Rochy Posay, Lancome, Estee Lauder.

Domestic manufacturers are not lagging behind either. The following companies can be noted:

- "Kosmoteros" - manufactures products for the skin of the face and special dietary supplements.

- "Geltek" - with the help of this cosmetics it is possible to effectively combat superficial wrinkles and get rid of dry skin.

- "Pleiana" is a company whose products contain only natural ingredients.

- "Mirra" - the preparations contain biotechnological hyaluronic acid.

By the way, the mentioned component is also available in pure form (in ampoules). This acid is very effective, as it intensively moisturizes the epidermis. It can be used as an express option when you urgently need to put yourself in order.

The most effective and high-quality cosmetics containing hyaluronic acid are the products of the Japanese brands Hada Labo, Haru Hada, Sakura. These drugs are admired by women all over the world.

The modern pharmaceutical cosmetics market is represented by a variety of powerful and effective products aimed at caring for tired, aging skin. They can be used by women of absolutely any age category and with any dermatological problems. With their help, it is quite possible, without the intervention of plastic surgeons, to cope with problems such as sagging skin, its dullness, as well as with some types of skin diseases. Now you shouldn't "kill yourself" about every newly appeared wrinkle. If you want, you can stop time and even reverse it.

Contraindications

Like all so-called anti-aging products, pharmacy cosmetics with hyaluronic acid can have side effects. It is not recommended to use it during pregnancy and lactation, with a tendency to edema. You should not use it for more than three months; it is also not recommended to combine such preparations with cosmetics containing fruit acids.

A new industry was born in scientific laboratories - cosmeceuticals. Its product is medical cosmetics that not only care for the epidermis, but also heal it.

Benefits

This is a completely new product of the highest level. It has a number of advantages that make it unique.

• Quality

After applying your regular moisturizer, you will feel softer and no longer flaking. But stop using it - and all these troubles come back again. Medical cosmetics will not allow this. When applied, defects are not masked for some time, but are eliminated for a long time. And all this is confirmed by certificates obtained after appropriate testing in laboratory conditions.

• The cost

Of course, there are conventional cosmetic creams, the price of which is in the tens of thousands. But it is due to the brand or a unique composition (which includes gold threads or pearl powder). Medical cosmetics are also expensive, but quite affordable. And the high cost is dictated by the cost of developing scientific cosmeceutical formulas that underlie its creation.

• Medical and cosmetic effect

Conventional cosmetics improve skin condition and maintain its beauty. Therapeutic ones are capable of not only this: they solve the most serious dermatological problems - they eliminate acne, treat rosacea and rosacea, whiten, get rid of, etc.

• Directional action

In medicinal cosmetics, there are no universal products suitable for all skin types. All lines are designed to address a specific skin blemish.

• Ingredients

The composition is what essentially distinguishes it from ordinary cosmetics. It contains many more active ingredients that affect the functioning of skin cells. Formulas are composed of acids, enzymes, dietary supplements, antioxidants, vitamins, etc.

Medical cosmetics are an excellent alternative to salon methods for eliminating skin defects. Everything can be done at home, here's how not to be mistaken when choosing a product?

Terminology. Cosmeceuticals is a special direction, created on the border of cosmetology and pharmacology using methods of folk and traditional medicine.

Criterias of choice

Despite the fact that the industry is still young, pharmacies offer a wide range of products. And making the right choice is sometimes very difficult. To still achieve a solution to your dermatological problem, follow a few tips.

1. Examine ratings and reviews. Select the country of origin and the brand that suits you in the price range.
2. Decide on the problems you need to solve.
3. Better to use a specific series. For example, the French company Vichy has a Normaderm line designed specifically for the treatment of problem skin. It includes lotions, creams, serums, acne concentrates. It is not recommended to use, for example, the Normaderm scrub from Vichy and, in parallel with it, the Effaclar cream from La Roche-Posay.
4. Consult a dermatologist beforehand.

Keep in mind that the leading brands today produce professional medical cosmetics, elite and mass. The first is used in beauty salons, the second is produced in limited quantities according to special recipes, the third can be bought at the pharmacy by absolutely everyone. To make it easier to navigate the variety of products offered, you can view several of the most popular products from different world brands.

Through the pages of history. The term "cosmeceuticals" was coined in 1961 by Raymond Reid. In 1980 A. Kligman popularized it.

Functionality

Medical cosmetics for rosacea on the face of the firm "Skin Doctors"

Dermatological problems can be different, and conventional cosmetics do not always cope with them. It can be pronounced age spots, or swelling of the eyelids, rosacea, inflammation. Medical cosmetics successfully cope with all this.

For sensitive skin

1. Prime Renewing Pack - Anti-stress recovery from Valmont. 9 500 rubles.
2. Ultra-Moisturizing Facе - Ultra Moisturizing from Topicrem. 3,500 rubles.
3. Atoderm Po Zink is a soothing cream from Bioderma. 1,000 rubles.
4. Micellar Lotio is a micellar lotion from Avene. 600 rubles.
5. Ultra Moisturizing Toner from Bark. 400 rubles.

For the skin around the eyes

1. Extreme is an extreme departure from Ahava. 3 300 rubles.
2. Liftactiv Retinol - lifting cream with retinol from Vichy. 1 800 rubles.
3. Sensidiane Eye Area Intolerant Skin - soothing treatment from 1,300 rubles.
4. Ictyane Eau micellaire hydratante - micellar water from Ducray. 1 100 rubles.
5. Anti-aging cream serum from Bark. 700 rubles.

Whitening

1. Iklen - depigmenting serum from Noreva. 4 700 rubles.
2. D-Pigment Riche is a brightening cream from Avene. 2 100 rubles.
3. Depiderm Intensive - brightening emulsion from 1 800 rubles.
4. Melascreen is Ducray's pigment spot corrector. 1,000 rubles.
5. Lightening cream from Kora. 600 rubles.

For problem skin

1. Nature - Valmont Anti-Inflammatory Cleansing Gel. 4 500 rubles.
2. Surgras Liquide Dermatologique Gel is a dermatological gel for problem skin from Uriage. 2 100 rubles.
3. Cicaplast Baume B5 is a balm with panthenol from La Roche Posay. 700 rubles.
4. Exfoliac is an exfoliating gel for problem skin from Noreva. 800 rubles.
5. Drying tonic with prebiotic from Bark. 200 rubles.

From rosacea

1. Couperose Cream by Etre Belle. 4,000 rubles.
2. Vanish Couperose & Redness from 2 600 rubles.
3. Capillary Clear by Skin Doctors. 2 100 rubles.
4. Idealia Pro is a serum from Vichy. 900 rubles.
5. Capillary protector from Bark. 400 rubles.

As you can see, the price range for medical cosmetics for the face is very different, so you can always choose the right product within your pocket. If you want to look at other products from these lines, you can use a small cheat sheet - a rating of the best brands.

Relevance. The main problem of cosmeceuticals now is the creation of legislative regulation of manufactured products.

Best ratings

To make it easier to choose the required tool, the rating is presented in three options.

Dermatology proper

This is the so-called professional medical cosmetics, which are prescribed by dermatologists to treat skin diseases of the face. It is hypoallergenic, non-comedogonous, specially formulated for sensitive skin. All brands are from France.

1. Vichy.
2. La Roche-Posay.
3. Avene.
4. Uriage.
5. Bioderma.
6. Merck.
7. Ducray.

Aesthetics

Powerful cosmetics aimed primarily at improving the beauty of the skin. The healing effect is secondary. Only some products can be used for sensitive skin, they do not differ in hypoallergenicity, but they are non-comedogonic. Only the first brand is represented by the USA, the rest of the brands are from France.

1. SkinCeuticals.
2. Filorga.
3. Lierac.
4. Galenic.
5. Nuxe.
6. Phyto.
7. Klorane.

BIOcosmetics

All cosmetics are suitable for sensitive skin, but not hypoallergenic.

1. Sanoflore. France.
2. Dr. Hauschka. Germany.
3. Bioturm. Germany.
4. Urtekram. Denmark.
5. Bark. Russia.
6. Evome. Korea.
7. Anna Lotan. Israel.

This is the best medical cosmetics for the face, represented by different brands and manufacturing countries. Ask her in pharmacies, choose the line you need for your skin and enjoy a long and amazing effect.

However, do not forget that this is a kind of medical preparation that requires careful use. In particular, after the course of treatment specified in the instructions, you need to take a break so that the epidermis gets used to the renewed state and consolidates it.

For knowledgeable beauty lovers, going to the pharmacy for Bioderma products is one of the most important and enjoyable parts of a trip to France. Here the Bioderma laboratory was created back in 1978, but then, "at the dawn" of its existence, it mainly produced only bases for medicines. Now Bioderma's "profile" is a cosmetics that rescues problem skin and treats skin diseases, so in some cases it can even be prescribed by a doctor. Different lines of Bioderma products fight all sorts of troubles: Sebium - with excessive oily skin and acne, Hydrabio - with dehydrated skin, WO - with pigmentation, and Photoderm, for example, protects against the harmful effects of UV rays. There are 8 such lines in total. But the excellently proven Bioderma products are bought not only for medicinal purposes. Girls with healthy skin sometimes buy dozens of bottles of Sensibio H2O micellar, which, perhaps, has no equal in removing eye makeup. Popular are Sebium matting cream, which removes oily shine and serves as an excellent makeup base, as well as Hydrabio light and rish creams, which return moisture to the skin in an express mode.

La Roche-Posay

Few brands can boast a history that is as rich and rooted in past centuries as La Roche-Posay. Just like the brand, the source is called, which, according to legend, was discovered in the XIV century by the French commander Bertrand du Gueclin and the water from which is still used in the brand's cosmetics. Thermal water from the La Roche-Posay spring has been treating people from skin diseases for centuries, and now it takes care of the beauty of the face in the composition of skincare products. It is rich in the trace mineral selenium, which is an antioxidant. It protects the skin from free radicals, preventing premature aging, and moisturizes and soothes. Thanks to the thermal water, the brand's products are also suitable for sensitive skin. They replenish their cosmetic bag with La Roche-Posay products not only for medicinal purposes, but also out of simple care for their skin. La Roche-Posay thermal water in separate bottles refreshes the skin during the heat of summer. In addition, the La Roche-Posay brand was the creator of the first BB cream for sensitive skin and also included its thermal water in its composition.

Popular

Avene

A few centuries less, the Saint Odile spring in the French village of Aven, from which water is used in the Avene brand, was discovered in the 18th century. It is noteworthy that it was at this source that the very first balneological resort was built in 1743. Now thermal water from Saint Odile heals the skin of people from all over the world, “bottled” in Avene bottles. It is interesting that in the composition of the brand of this healing water is not less than 55%. Its main task is to soothe, soften the skin, relieve irritation. Avene produces thermal water separately - as a spray, which is indispensable in hot summer weather, as well as a lot of products for especially sensitive skin. Since she is prone to irritation, the soothing properties of Avene Water are most beneficial for her.

Vichy

The power of thermal water is also used by the French brand Vichy, which is sold only in pharmacies. Prosper Haller and Georges Guerin, a physician and businessman, laid the foundation back in 1931 when they decided to use the thermal water from a spring near Vichy in the production of skin care products. It contains 15 minerals that have an extremely beneficial effect on the skin - they improve its protective properties and save it from the effects of free radicals. Since its inception, the brand has reminded women: skin needs to be looked after because it reflects the health of the body; it is not just a shell, but an essential organ. Vichy products have more than just medicinal properties. They also help to deal with various skin imperfections: inflammation, wrinkles, cellulite and more. And in its popularity, for example, the CelluDestock modeling gel with caffeine, aimed at fighting cellulite, is not inferior to delicate creams for the care of sensitive skin.

Klorane

Klorane is another “Frenchman” among pharmacy brands. It is distinguished by its "green" orientation - the plant extracts present in the formulations are responsible for the effectiveness of the funds. By the way, Klorane is a pioneer in the use of plant extracts in cosmetics: the first product of this kind on the market was Klorane's chamomile extract shampoo, released in 1965. Each Klorane extract is used to solve one specific problem. Natural products of the brand are hypoallergenic. Klorane focuses on hair care, although there are also facial products in the brand's arsenal. Popular, for example, are makeup remover wipes for sensitive eyes with cornflower extract - often used by makeup artists on the backstage of shows during fashion weeks. Not so long ago, the brand released dry shampoos and thus got into the trend - express hair care products are now more relevant than ever.