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Mixing colors. Hair color. Technique for mixing paints and colors. Coloring rules How to create white color

Mixing colors. Hair color. Technique for mixing paints and colors. Coloring rules How to create white color

Knowing about color mixing options can come in handy not only in the professional work of artists. The individual design of the living space often raises the question of how to achieve this or that interesting semitone. The suggested combination options and color mixing table will help you get the desired effect.

Everyday life is filled with the widest range of all kinds of colors. To get the right one, you need to know the subtleties of combination.

Blue, red and yellow paint are the three whales that support a wide palette of halftones. It is impossible to form these colors as a result of mixing other paints. At the same time, their combination with each other gives an unusually many combinations.

Important! You can create a variety of shades by mixing only two colors by changing their proportions.

Depending on the volume of one part of the paint added to the other, the resulting result approaches one or another of the original color. One of the most famous examples is the mixing of blue and yellow, resulting in a green color. The result obtained when adding new portions of yellow paint will gradually change, as close as possible from green to yellow. You can return to blue by adding more of the original element to the green mixture.

Mixing chromatic colors located close to each other in the color wheel gives a paint that does not have a pure tone, but has an expressive chromatic tint. Combining colors that are on opposite sides of the chromatic circle will result in an achromatic tone. An example is a mix of orange or magenta with green. That is, a mixture of paints closely spaced in the color wheel gives a rich chromatic hue, the maximum removal of colors from each other when mixed leads to a grayish tone.

Separate paints, when interacting, give an undesirable chemical reaction, which can lead to cracking of the decorative layer. In some cases, the resulting background may darken or gray. A good example is a mixture of white lead and red cinnabar. The attractive pink color darkens over time.

It is optimal when the impression of multicolor is achieved by mixing a minimum number of colors. It is important to take into account which paints, as a result of mixing with each other, give a lasting result, and which ones are unacceptable to combine. The knowledge gained allows us to exclude from the work fading or further darkening paints.

The table of undesirable mixtures below will help to reduce the risk of mistaken combinations:

Having tried these examples in practice, future painters and designers will gain valuable professional experience.

Methods for obtaining red and its shades

Red is one of the three primary colors and is always present even in the smallest sets. But magenta tone is used for mass printing. The answer to the question of how to get red is quite simple: mix the proposed magenta with yellow in a 1: 1 ratio. There are other options for getting red when mixing paints:

In the center is the main red. Below are the mixing options. The next circle is the result of combining the first two colors. Finally, the color options for adding red, black or white paint to the last result are presented.

Blue and its shades

Blue belongs to the primary colors, so blue paint is required to form all its shades.

Attention! No combination of other colors gives a shade of blue, so this paint must be included in the kit.

Even with a set of 12 colors available, the question periodically arises of how to get the blue color. The classic tone is called "royal", and in a set of acrylic paints, the main color is often ultramarine, which has a bright dark shade with a purple undertone. A lighter effect is achieved by mixing blue and white in a 3: 1 ratio. Increasing the white results in a lighter tone down to sky blue. If you want to achieve a moderately rich result, dark blue paint is mixed with turquoise.

What colors need to be mixed to get shades of blue, consider further:

The effect of a dark blue-green tone is achieved by mixing blue and yellow colors in equal proportions. Adding white paint will result in a lighter shade with a simultaneous decrease in brightness due to the combination of 3 elements.
The creation of "Prussian blue" is carried out by mixing 1 part of the basic blue and adding 1 part of the composition of bright green and light green. A rich and deep shade can be diluted with white without changing its clarity.
Combining blue and red in a 2: 1 ratio gives blue with a purple tint. The addition of white can lighten the dark and saturated tone.
Royal blue is distinguished by its brightness, a similar effect is achieved by mixing the basic blue with mangent pink in equal parts. The addition of white traditionally lightens the result.
Combination with orange gives a gray mass. Replacing orange with brown in a 1: 2 composition to the base creates a dark color with a complex gray-blue tint.
Dark blue is formed using an admixture of black in a ratio of 3: 1.
You can create a blue tone by mixing the base color with white.

A small table of combination options is presented below:

Palette green

It is quite simple to solve the problem of how to get green in the absence of it in the set: combine yellow and blue. A rich palette of green halftones is created by changing the proportions of the original components and adding additional elements that perform the function of darkening or lightening. This role is played by black and white paint. The olive and khaki effect is achieved by mixing two basic elements (yellow and blue) and a slight admixture of brown.

Comment! The saturation of the green is entirely dependent on the quality of the constituent elements: the intense tones of the sources guarantee a bright result.

If the green is obtained by mixing, then all subsequent halftones will be duller. Therefore, it is better to experiment with the gamut of green, having the primary color initially ready. There are many combination options:

A combination of equal proportions of blue and yellow gives a grassy green.
Increasing yellow to 2 parts with the addition of 1 part blue results in a yellow-green effect.
Experimenting in reverse with a 2: 1 blue-yellow ratio will produce a blue-green tone.
If you add ½ part of black to the previous composition, you will achieve a dark green effect.
Light green warm tone is formed from yellow, blue and white paint in a ratio of 1: 1: 2.
For a similar light green shade, but a cool tone, you need to take yellow, blue and white bases in a 1: 2: 2 ratio.
Dark olive color is formed by mixing equal parts of yellow, blue and brown paint.
A gray-brown tone is obtained from similar elements in a 1: 2: 0.5 ratio.

The expressiveness of the green color is in direct proportion to the original elements, respectively, the brightness of the halftones is repelled by the saturation of the green. A visual representation of the mixing options is given by the graphic palette:

As in the case of the red circle, the main paint is located in the center, then the mixing options follow, then the result of the experiments. The final circle is the shades of the previous level when adding base, white or black paint.

Other combination options

There are many other techniques to create the desired effect by adding some color to the base color. The answer to the question of how to get the ivory color is multifaceted and depends on the surface where the paint is planned to be applied. The easiest option is to mix a snow-white base with a yellowish one. For example, yellowish ocher or a minimum amount of strontium is added to whitewash. To tint the paper, a small amount of potassium permanganate is diluted in water. A light pink tint indicates a properly diluted solution. A cotton swab, brush or sponge is moistened in the resulting composition, after which the surface of the paper is processed.

Advice! For double-sided tinting, the sheet can be lowered into a container with a potassium permanganate solution for a couple of minutes. After drying, it will acquire the desired ivory effect.

There are also several ways to get black:

by mixing the three base colors red, blue and yellow;
when combining cyan, magenta and yellow;
a combination of green and red, but the result will not be 100% clear, but only close to the desired effect.

We will try to answer the most popular questions about mixing options:

How to get a raspberry color: the base is blue with the addition of red, white and brown tones.
You can get turquoise color, the second name of which is aquamarine, by mixing blue and green. Depending on the proportions, the tones of the new shade range from soft pastels to intense and vibrant.
How to get yellow? It belongs to the main ones and it is impossible to get it by combining other paints. Something similar to yellow can be created with watercolors by combining green and orange or red. But it is impossible to achieve purity of tone in this way.
How do I get a brown tint? To do this, you need base paints: red, yellow and blue. First, a small amount of yellow is added to the red (in an approximate ratio of 10: 1), then the volume is gradually increased until an orange tone is obtained. Then they proceed to the introduction of the blue element, 5-10% of the total volume will be enough. Minor adjustments to the proportions will give a wide variety of brown effects.
The combination in different ratios of black and white element gives a varied range of gray tones.

As you can see, there are countless options to achieve the desired effect in the creative design process. A table with color mixing options and a video will complement the information presented:

The color mixing table allows you to create a huge palette of bright colors from 3 base colors. It is very exciting! The main thing is to choose the right paints according to the color mixing table.

Artist's Workshop: Lessons in Magic

1. The combination of two adjacent colors of the spectrum gives shades with different intensities of these colors. For example, yellow and orange, when superimposed, produce yellow-orange or orange-yellow, depending on which of these 2 colors prevails. If you mix in equal proportions 3 shades located next to each other on the color wheel, for example, yellow, red and orange, you get the same orange, but more dirty.

2. When white is added to any color, its pastel shades of varying intensity are obtained.

3. By mixing in equal proportions 2 primary colors, which are separated by 1 shade on the color wheel, we get exactly the intermediate color that separates them. For example, red + blue \u003d purple.

4. An equal combination of 2 contrasting colors (located opposite each other on the color wheel) always gives a gray with a tint of one of these colors. For example, red + green, blue + orange, etc. Interestingly, if you mix complimentary colors in a 2/1 ratio, you get an absolute gray (no additional shades).

5.3 side-by-side primary colors, when superimposed in equal proportions, also form a gray, for example, green + yellow + orange.Notice a striking pattern: harmonious color combinations (which you can get using the color wheel) when mixing them shades give gray - balancing, absorbing each other.

Create new colors from the paint mixing table

As we already know, there are only 3 colors that cannot be obtained by mixing others. But from them you can create all the other shades. These magical colors are red, yellow and blue. By the way, mixing them with each other in equal proportions, you can get black. How to create all the other shades of the palette, see the table:

Color mixing table and color wheel are used not only in painting, they are simply indispensable for tinting and mixing decorative plaster in construction, in perfumery and soap making, when dyeing fabrics, batik, etc.

Color spectrum: revealing the secrets of the rainbow

Isaac Newton, passing light through a prism, received a multi-colored ray called a spectrum. For the convenience of combining colors, the continuous line of the spectrum with all its transitional tones was turned into a circle. As you know, three main shades are distinguished in the color spectrum (red, blue and yellow), when they are mixed in pairs with each other, three more secondary shades are obtained (green, orange and purple). It is these 6 shades that form the color wheel, and each of them has additional colors (blue and red-violet, yellow-green, purple, red and yellow-orange, blue and yellow-green). Newton, by the way, singled out 7 colors, adding to the spectrum even blue, which, along with the six main ones, is considered the color of the rainbow. By mixing these shades, making them in varying degrees darker or lighter, you can get a full range of colors.

I would like to immediately make a reservation that the division of the spectrum is conditional and depends on the characteristics of our perception. A person can distinguish up to 1000 tones in the color spectrum. Interestingly, reptiles and birds do not distinguish blue shades, and some fish see everything around in red. It is believed that for cats, the colorful world around us looks dimmer, but they distinguish a huge variety of shades of gray.

Color spectrum table

The colors of the spectrum are called chromatic as opposed to achromatic (from Latin "no color"): white, black, gray. The order of shades in the spectrum is always unchanged, starting with red and ending with purple.

Shades on the color wheel from blue-green to blue-violet are considered cold, from yellow-green to red-violet - warm. This division is rather arbitrary and depends on what associations these colors evoke in us: red-orange fire, yellow sun, blue ice, blue oceanic abyss. Have you noticed that we didn't mention green when separating colors? And this is no coincidence. Pure green (which, incidentally, is extremely rare) is considered neutral. A drop of yellow makes it warmer, blue - cools.

The color wheel is extremely important in a designer's work. With its help, you can not only determine harmonious color combinations, create the desired atmosphere in the room or an attractive image, but also influence the perception, skillfully emphasizing the brightness, purity, beauty of color, enhance its intensity by adding complimentary shades, balance cold tones with warm ones, etc. etc. This magic is not difficult to learn even without being a designer, and it can be applied not only in interior design or clothing. With the help of the color wheel, anyone can create harmony in the apartment, correctly combine colors in clothes, manicure, make-up, etc. For example, orange-coral lipstick or peach shadows accentuate blue eyes, and a green-turquoise scarf will refresh a scarlet dress.

Khaki is a light shade of yellowish brown, but khakis typically include a range of different tones, from greenish to dusty earthy tones, combined under the term "khaki" or camouflage. This color was often used by armies around the world for military uniforms, including camouflage. The word for color appeared in the middle of the 19th century thanks to the units of the British Indian Army. They used the Hindi word "khaki" to refer to the color of their uniforms. The light brown uniform was preferred because it did not show any dirt, but the main reason why all the colonial units of the British army eventually began to dress in khaki was because this shade created excellent camouflage. In Western fashion, this is the standard color for casual dresses and casual pants. The military uniform itself is also often called khaki.

Origin of khaki paint

The word "khaki" is a borrowing from Hindustani, where it got from Persian. It denotes soil color, a yellowish earthy hue. For the first time the word "khaki" was used as a name for a color in 1848. The designation for gray-brown color with this word appeared in English thanks to the British Indian army. Initially, the border troops were dressed in their own costume, which consisted of a robe and white pajama pants made of rough house cotton, as well as a cotton turban. But this ensemble was too unsuitable for the hot climate and very noticeable. The details of the local recruits' clothing were too bright and poorly ventilated.

Then, as an alternative, they were offered a material painted with a grayish-yellow paint made from a mulberry tree (mulberry). The clothes, dyed light brown, helped not to stand out from the environment. Before khaki, the stems and inflorescences of the mulberry tree were collected, and then the extract was made from them. It is believed that this dye was previously used by Afghan tribes for disguise. The khaki fabric dyed in this way was usually made of linen or cotton. The cooler and more cuddly khaki camouflage uniform proved its superiority and was eventually adopted as a summer garment for active service by all regiments in the region - British and Indian. In 1902, the khaki uniform became the official service attire of the continental British forces.

A neutral shade of khaki in the visual arts

Khaki is very popular in the visual arts and is actively used by artists. It resembles a little raw umber, which is needed for underpainting or to muffle bright colors, as well as as a base tone for skin, writing tree trunks, earth. The shade is prized for its relative neutrality. The question of what colors to mix to get a khaki color is often a concern for novice artists. When you look at the color wheel, the desired shades are opposite each other. are blue and orange, red and green, yellow and purple. Mixing any of these pairs will help you achieve base browns that are slightly different from each other.

Using oil or acrylic paints is quite simple to get. But it can be problematic to achieve a particular shade of khaki. Most often a mixture of brown and green is used to achieve this complex color. After obtaining a tone close to the desired one, add a black or yellow tint. If you add black or white, you can lighten or darken the paint. Which paints to mix to get the khaki color depends on the desired result. But mixing base colors, it is impossible to create the desired shade immediately. Therefore, before you get the khaki color, you should mix the paints in the same way as for brown. Then you will have to add other shades to the resulting color scheme to make it darker or lighter.

How to get khaki color when mixing paints

One of the easiest ways to create a base brown is to blend all the base colors. This means that you are using a palette knife to mix blue, yellow, and red together. Another option, how to get khaki color, is to mix raw umber and in this case the result will be close to pale French gray, warm green-gray. As an example, consider Venetian wall plaster in khaki color.

The first method is most often used - thoroughly mix all the primary colors. You can make subtle transitions of neutral shades from a mixture of basic ones. If you use a color wheel, you need to take which are located opposite each other. Since khaki has a yellowish tint, the central component in the mixture is green-yellow, for example, cadmium yellow paint. Using it, you can get the desired color by adding cool reds, warm bluish, warm white, titanium white, ultramarine blue.

What acrylic paints to mix to get khaki

The question of how to get a khaki color and mixing what shades will help get closer to solving this problem, we have already considered. Now let's try to create the desired shade using the example of acrylic paints. For work, we need the paints themselves in several basic colors: red, yellow and blue, as well as white. Cadmium red, cadmium yellow medium, sky blue and titanium white are suitable for our purpose. But you don't have to use these shades, try using the classic version of each base color and opaque white paint.

We also prepare additional tools:

brush;
water to clean the brush;
work surface for testing mixtures;
palette for mixing colors;
palette knife;
paper towels to clean paint with a palette knife between mixes.

How to mix acrylics for brown

Before getting the khaki color from the colors of the base palette, place on it approximately the same size drops of red, yellow and blue colors, leaving a large amount of space between each of them. Add white, and then combine equal parts of each of the base colors. Mix them together using a palette knife. In the process, you will get a rich brown color from the cloudy mixture. Results may vary slightly depending on the base shades used.

Getting khaki from brown

After mixing the base brown, add some white. First, enter a small amount, less than the other colors you added to make brown. If you add the same amount right away, you can lighten it too much. You now have a basic, rather soft brown color. Determine for yourself if it is close enough to the khaki you would like to use for your painting. It often happens in painting that you want a more specific version of a color that matches your vision. The resulting shade can be refined by adding more or less of any of the primary colors or white paint in order to change it to suit your needs.

Using blue and orange to create khaki

An alternative way to get khaki color is to mix blue and orange. The resulting shade can be slightly modified by adding other colors. For example, add red to the mixture to create a warmer shade. To create a darker one - purple or green. Add tertiary colors for subtler color changes.

How to change the resulting khaki shade

If the shade you want is not obtained, follow these simple steps to change your khaki color. You can use them to change the shade to suit your needs. Before you get a khaki color that is close to the shade of coffee with milk, you can add white paint. Add a little at a time until you achieve your desired tone. Using one of the primary colors can also help create the desired color, from soft to rich. Adding red or yellow will make the khaki look warmer and lighter, and the shade of blue cooler. To make it even warmer, experiment with adding red or yellow paint. You need to do this little by little. If you want a very light khaki shade, it is easiest to use a lot of light paint and a small amount of the base brown that you mixed earlier. Adding dark to light is easier than the other way around. You can increase or decrease the saturation and brighten the khaki color by adding more base brown to the mixture. You can make it more subdued by adding gray paint.

Getting a cool or dark khaki shade

If the mixture gets too warm, you can add blue paint to cool it down. One way to get a woody khaki color for winter trees, dark hair, or fur is to experiment with adding blue to the base mix. If it gets too bluish, you can add a little more red and yellow. Next, let's look at how to get a khaki color in a darker tone, for example, for twilight scenes or dark trees. Do not use black paint for this, as it can create cloudy tones. A khaki color that is dark but still vibrant can be obtained by adding a dark blue such as ultramarine to the mixture.

Using CMYK Model

You can also find the exact khaki shade you need using the CMYK color model. CMYK is an abbreviation for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black. Find the brown one you want. Using graphics editors, you can calculate the exact percentages of magenta, yellow, cyan, and black required for that color and then blend them accordingly. Note that magenta, yellow, and cyan are more accurate primary colors, but they are not the standard paint mixing at this time.

Taking the first steps in working with decor, most artists are faced with the problem of the absence of many shades in standard paint sets. And in everyday life, the need to obtain different tones arises quite often: from choosing a color for painting walls in a house to choosing the perfect version of eyeshadow. However, do not be discouraged if the required element is not in the available arsenal of paints. Remember, with only three basic colors available: yellow, blue and red, you can get any shade that exists in nature. So to get orange, you just need to mix two basic colors: red and yellow, and also get acquainted with some of the nuances that artists use when mixing paints.

First, let's prepare everything you need. You need to bring:

mixing surface (e.g. palette);
paint of yellow and red shades;
brushes;
canvas or other work surface on which the resulting material is planned to be applied (watercolor paper, pastel paper, etc.).

The result of mixing yellow and red from paint

For the final color to be perfect, make sure the surface is free of foreign particles (lint, dust particles, brush hairs, etc.) before starting work. You also need to immediately decide which of the ways you plan to get the desired orange tone. If mixing is done on paper, the final shade is obtained by overlapping the shade after applying one layer of composition to another. If you mix colors on a palette or used cans, the result is a separate new tone.

Obtaining process

To get an orange color, combining shades on paper, you first need to decide what you want to get in the end. Since if you apply yellow on top of red, the final tone will be darker than applying red on top. It is also important to ensure that the mixing brush is free of any extraneous shades. the presence of paint of a different color on the hairs of the brush can give completely unexpected results.
The same rule must be followed if you intend to get the required orange color in dry painting. Simply apply layers of red and yellow on top of each other, and then rub. The resulting shade will entirely depend on what color layer was applied on top: if the last layer was yellow, then orange will be lighter, if red - a red-orange tone will be formed.

When mixing paints on a palette, the situation is somewhat simpler. You need to put on it a little of one base paint and another, and then mix with a palette knife (a special small spatula). A regular brush will work as well, but again make sure the brush is free of other paints.

Completely different mixing rules should be followed if you work with oil paints. To make the final color orange, you need to apply the yellow and red strokes very close to each other, then, going back a short distance, you will see that you have achieved the desired effect.

Correct proportions

The proportions of red and yellow colors depend solely on what shade you want to get as a result. So when you mix colors in equal proportions, you get a classic orange color as a result. For the resulting orange to be more golden or yellow-orange, the yellow paint must prevail. While for a fiery orange saturated, more red should be added. You can also soften the resulting orange shade by adding a little white paint, then you get a lighter, pastel tone. But to darken the tone, it is better not to use black, since it does not so much darken as it drowns out the color spectrum. For a darker shade of orange, a slightly dark gray is recommended.

Orange spectrum names

Conclusion

The principle of obtaining orange paints is quite simple, it is enough to know the RGB model and the principles of mixing to make the most stable composition. The type of work, whether it be drawing or room decor, does not change the method of obtaining orange colors.

A lot of people like pink. It is popular in clothing, cooking and flower arrangements, but often the finished pink paint cannot be found in stores. The reason is that pink is actually a shade of red that naturally combines red and purple tones. Fortunately, pink paint, icing sugar, and other substances are fairly easy to make by mixing red and white together.

Steps

Mixing acrylic or oil paints

Pick up red paint. Different shades of red will give different shades of pink when mixed with white paint. In the work, you can experiment with different red paints. To achieve the most vividness and durability of pink paint, try taking permanent alizarin red oil paint or quinacridone red acrylic paint and mixing it with titanium white paint. From scarlet, you can get a pleasant pure pink color. Brick red will produce a dirtier shade of pink that is closer to peach.

Darker tones of red, such as bloody alizarin, give pink with a shade of blue or purpleso they are good for fuchsia.

Take some red paint. Prepare canvas, paper, or palette. Put some red paint in there. This paint will turn pink, so keep it separate until you figure out which pink color it will make and how much of that color you need.

Add white paint. Place a drop of white paint next to the red paint stain. Start with one drop so you don't waste paint. When you mix it completely with the red paint, you can always add a little more white to dissolve the juicy red more.

Mix paints. Use a paintbrush or palette knife to blend white and red. Start by adding a very small drop of white paint to see what shade of pink you can get. Gradually you can add more and more white to get lighter shades of pink. Remember, however, that each red has its own tint strength. Eventually, you will understand the extreme possibilities of your chosen red paint in terms of converting it to shades of pink.

Darker reds will require more white paint from you to achieve a lighter pink.
To make the resulting pink paint a bit closer to peach or orangish pink, try softening the tone by adding yellow paint.
To get pink paint closer to fuchsia or purple-pink, try adding blue or purple paint to it.

Blending watercolor

Wet your brush with water. Dip a clean brush into a container of water. Press it down against the bottom of the container to loosen the lint, then rub it against the edge of the container to remove excess water.

Apply red and white paints next to each other on a paint mixing palette. If using raw tube paints, squeeze out as much red and white as you need. When working with dry watercolors, you can paint the desired area of \u200b\u200byour work with red and add white to it on the spot.

Add some red to the filled cell of the palette. When using raw watercolors, brush the red paint with a damp brush, then dip it into a separate cell of the palette with water. Do not wipe dry after this. Simply brush off excess water on the edge of the cell.

Repeat the procedure for adding red paint to the water until you reach the concentration you want.

Add some white there too. Brush over the white paint. Dip it into the same cell of the palette where you added the red paint. The resulting mixture will begin to take on a pink hue.
- Keep adding more white until you get pink.
Add other colors to the resulting pink paint. Whether you use raw or dry watercolors, you have the option to create new shades of pink by adding drops of purple or yellow, or simply dissolving the red paint in water without using white. Experiment with colors until you get the shade of pink you want.

The use of food colors